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Optimal Load-Tracking Operation of Grid-Connected Solid Oxide Fuel Cells through Set Point Scheduling and Combined L1-MPC Control

Author

Listed:
  • Siwei Han

    (Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

  • Li Sun

    (Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

  • Jiong Shen

    (Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

  • Lei Pan

    (Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

  • Kwang Y. Lee

    (Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA)

Abstract

An optimal load-tracking operation strategy for a grid-connected tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is studied based on the steady-state analysis of the system thermodynamics and electrochemistry. Control of the SOFC is achieved by a two-level hierarchical control system. In the upper level, optimal setpoints of output voltage and the current corresponding to unit load demand is obtained through a nonlinear optimization by minimizing the SOFC’s internal power waste. In the lower level, a combined L1-MPC control strategy is designed to achieve fast set point tracking under system nonlinearities, while maintaining a constant fuel utilization factor. To prevent fuel starvation during the transient state resulting from the output power surging, a fuel flow constraint is imposed on the MPC with direct electron balance calculation. The proposed control schemes are testified on the grid-connected SOFC model.

Suggested Citation

  • Siwei Han & Li Sun & Jiong Shen & Lei Pan & Kwang Y. Lee, 2018. "Optimal Load-Tracking Operation of Grid-Connected Solid Oxide Fuel Cells through Set Point Scheduling and Combined L1-MPC Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-23, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:4:p:801-:d:138880
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Edwards, P.P. & Kuznetsov, V.L. & David, W.I.F. & Brandon, N.P., 2008. "Hydrogen and fuel cells: Towards a sustainable energy future," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 4356-4362, December.
    2. Garðarsdóttir, Stefanía Ó. & Göransson, Lisa & Normann, Fredrik & Johnsson, Filip, 2018. "Improving the flexibility of coal-fired power generators: Impact on the composition of a cost-optimal electricity system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 277-289.
    3. Bunin, Gene A. & Wuillemin, Zacharie & François, Grégory & Nakajo, Arata & Tsikonis, Leonidas & Bonvin, Dominique, 2012. "Experimental real-time optimization of a solid oxide fuel cell stack via constraint adaptation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 54-62.
    4. Li Sun & Qingsong Hua & Jiong Shen & Yali Xue & Donghai Li & Kwang Y. Lee, 2017. "A Combined Voltage Control Strategy for Fuel Cell," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-15, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Di Jiang & Zhe Dong & Miao Liu & Xiaojin Huang, 2018. "Dynamic Matrix Control for the Thermal Power of MHTGR-Based Nuclear Steam Supply System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Yin, Linfei & Liu, Dongduan, 2023. "Adaptive multistep model predictive control for tubular grid-connected solid oxide fuel cells," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    3. Andreas Rauh, 2021. "Kalman Filter-Based Real-Time Implementable Optimization of the Fuel Efficiency of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Chien-Chang Wu & Tsung-Lin Chen, 2020. "Dynamic Modeling of a Parallel-Connected Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, January.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs); grid-connected fuel cell; power control; set point scheduling; L1 adaptive control; Model Predictive Control (MPC);
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

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