IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i12p3460-d189554.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A New Method for Computing the Delay Margin for the Stability of Load Frequency Control Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Ashraf Khalil

    (Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam)

  • Ang Swee Peng

    (Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam)

Abstract

Open communication is an exigent need for future power systems, where time delay is unavoidable. In order to secure the stability of the grid, the frequency must remain within its limited range which is achieved through the load frequency control. Load frequency control signals are transmitted through communication networks which induce time delays that could destabilize power systems. So, in order to guarantee stability, the delay margin should be computed. In this paper, we present a new method for calculating the delay margin in load frequency control systems. The transcendental time delay characteristics equation is transformed into a frequency dependent equation. The spectral radius was used to find the frequencies at which the root crosses the imaginary axis. The crossing frequencies were determined through the sweeping test and the binary iteration algorithm. A one-area load frequency control system was chosen as a case study. The effectiveness of the proposed method was proven through comparison with the most recent published methods. The method shows its merit with less conservativeness and less computations. The impact of the proportional integral (PI) controller gains on the delay margin was investigated. It was found that increasing the PI controller gains reduces the delay margin.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashraf Khalil & Ang Swee Peng, 2018. "A New Method for Computing the Delay Margin for the Stability of Load Frequency Control Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:12:p:3460-:d:189554
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/12/3460/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/12/3460/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pandey, Shashi Kant & Mohanty, Soumya R. & Kishor, Nand, 2013. "A literature survey on load–frequency control for conventional and distribution generation power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 318-334.
    2. Jia, Hongjie & Li, Xiaomeng & Mu, Yunfei & Xu, Chen & Jiang, Yilang & Yu, Xiaodan & Wu, Jianzhong & Dong, Chaoyu, 2018. "Coordinated control for EV aggregators and power plants in frequency regulation considering time-varying delays," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 1363-1376.
    3. Hassan Haes Alhelou & Mohamad-Esmail Hamedani-Golshan & Reza Zamani & Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani & Pierluigi Siano, 2018. "Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-35, September.
    4. Shankar, Ravi & Pradhan, S.R. & Chatterjee, Kalyan & Mandal, Rajasi, 2017. "A comprehensive state of the art literature survey on LFC mechanism for power system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1185-1207.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bi-Ying Chen & Xing-Chen Shangguan & Li Jin & Dan-Yun Li, 2020. "An Improved Stability Criterion for Load Frequency Control of Power Systems with Time-Varying Delays," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Mohammad Haziq Ibrahim & Ang Swee Peng & Muhammad Norfauzi Dani & Ashraf Khalil & Kah Haw Law & Sharina Yunus & Mohammad Ishlah Rahman & Thien Wan Au, 2023. "A Novel Computation of Delay Margin Based on Grey Wolf Optimisation for a Load Frequency Control of Two-Area-Network Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Ashraf Khalil & Dina Shona Laila, 2022. "An Accurate Method for Computing the Delay Margin in Load Frequency Control System with Gain and Phase Margins," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Eleftherios Vlahakis & Leonidas Dritsas & George Halikias, 2019. "Distributed LQR Design for a Class of Large-Scale Multi-Area Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Kaleem Ullah & Abdul Basit & Zahid Ullah & Sheraz Aslam & Herodotos Herodotou, 2021. "Automatic Generation Control Strategies in Conventional and Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-43, April.
    3. Athira M. Mohan & Nader Meskin & Hasan Mehrjerdi, 2020. "A Comprehensive Review of the Cyber-Attacks and Cyber-Security on Load Frequency Control of Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-33, July.
    4. Tang, Yi & Li, Feng & Chen, Qian & Li, Mengya & Wang, Qi & Ni, Ming & Chen, Gang, 2018. "Frequency prediction method considering demand response aggregate characteristics and control effects," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 936-944.
    5. Shang-Guan, Xingchen & He, Yong & Zhang, Chuanke & Jiang, Lin & Spencer, Joseph William & Wu, Min, 2020. "Sampled-data based discrete and fast load frequency control for power systems with wind power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    6. Mokhtar Aly & Emad A. Mohamed & Abdullah M. Noman & Emad M. Ahmed & Fayez F. M. El-Sousy & Masayuki Watanabe, 2023. "Optimized Non-Integer Load Frequency Control Scheme for Interconnected Microgrids in Remote Areas with High Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicle Penetrations," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-31, April.
    7. Hassan Haes Alhelou & Mohamad-Esmail Hamedani-Golshan & Reza Zamani & Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani & Pierluigi Siano, 2018. "Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-35, September.
    8. Latif, Abdul & Hussain, S.M. Suhail & Das, Dulal Chandra & Ustun, Taha Selim, 2020. "State-of-the-art of controllers and soft computing techniques for regulated load frequency management of single/multi-area traditional and renewable energy based power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    9. Shan, Kui & Wang, Shengwei & Zhuang, Chaoqun, 2021. "Controlling a large constant speed centrifugal chiller to provide grid frequency regulation: A validation based on onsite tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    10. Amil Daraz & Suheel Abdullah Malik & Ihsan Ul Haq & Khan Bahadar Khan & Ghulam Fareed Laghari & Farhan Zafar, 2020. "Modified PID controller for automatic generation control of multi-source interconnected power system using fitness dependent optimizer algorithm," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(11), pages 1-31, November.
    11. Narendra Kumar Jena & Subhadra Sahoo & Binod Kumar Sahu & Amiya Kumar Naik & Mohit Bajaj & Stanislav Misak & Vojtech Blazek & Lukas Prokop, 2023. "Impact of a Redox Flow Battery on the Frequency Stability of a Five-Area System Integrated with Renewable Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-29, July.
    12. Fernández-Guillamón, Ana & Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio & Muljadi, Eduard & Molina-García, Ángel, 2019. "Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    13. Anh-Tuan Tran & Bui Le Ngoc Minh & Van Van Huynh & Phong Thanh Tran & Emmanuel Nduka Amaefule & Van-Duc Phan & Tam Minh Nguyen, 2021. "Load Frequency Regulator in Interconnected Power System Using Second-Order Sliding Mode Control Combined with State Estimator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    14. Ninoslav Holjevac & Tomislav Baškarad & Josip Đaković & Matej Krpan & Matija Zidar & Igor Kuzle, 2021. "Challenges of High Renewable Energy Sources Integration in Power Systems—The Case of Croatia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-20, February.
    15. Singh, Bindeshwar & Mukherjee, V. & Tiwari, Prabhakar, 2015. "A survey on impact assessment of DG and FACTS controllers in power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 846-882.
    16. Li, Yang & Yang, Zhen & Li, Guoqing & Mu, Yunfei & Zhao, Dongbo & Chen, Chen & Shen, Bo, 2018. "Optimal scheduling of isolated microgrid with an electric vehicle battery swapping station in multi-stakeholder scenarios: A bi-level programming approach via real-time pricing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 54-68.
    17. Chunyu Chen & Kaifeng Zhang & Kun Yuan & Xianliang Teng, 2017. "Tie-Line Bias Control Applicability to Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems of Complex Topology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, January.
    18. Shangguan, Xing-Chen & He, Yong & Zhang, Chuan-Ke & Jiang, Lin & Wu, Min, 2022. "Load frequency control of time-delayed power system based on event-triggered communication scheme," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    19. Kumar, N.J. Vinoth & Thameem Ansari, M. Mohamed, 2015. "A new design of dual-mode Type-II fuzzy logic load frequency controller for interconnected power systems with parallel AC–DC tie-lines and superconducting magnetic energy storage unit," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 118-137.
    20. Salas, V. & Suponthana, W. & Salas, R.A., 2015. "Overview of the off-grid photovoltaic diesel batteries systems with AC loads," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 195-216.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:12:p:3460-:d:189554. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.