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The Effect of Embodied Impact on the Cost-Optimal Levels of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: A Case Study of a Residential Building in Thessaloniki, Greece

Author

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  • Panagiotis Chastas

    (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Building Construction and Building Physics, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece)

  • Theodoros Theodosiou

    (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Building Construction and Building Physics, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece)

  • Karolos J. Kontoleon

    (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Building Construction and Building Physics, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece)

  • Dimitrios Bikas

    (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Building Construction and Building Physics, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece)

Abstract

Considering the nearly zero energy building (nZEB) and the increased measures for the improvement of the energy efficiency, the international literature indicates an extended use of specialized materials and technical installations. An increase in the embodied energy follows that use, with a final share between 74% and 100% in the total life cycle energy of residential nZEBs. The current energy efficiency legislation considers only the impact from the operational phase and ignores the embodied impact from the remaining life cycle phases of the building. Nevertheless, the delegated regulation 244 of 2012 acknowledges the incompleteness of this assessment and provides an optional consideration of the embodied (“grey”) energy. The current study applies this option through the macroeconomic global cost calculations and the cost-optimal levels of nZEBs. The results indicate a limited effect of the embodied impact on the cost-optimal levels and in specific on extended calculation periods and in combination with other key parameters of the sensitivity analysis. An increase in the primary energy and a transposition to variants with lower use of materials and decreased embodied emissions follow this effect. Sensitivity analysis confirms the calculation period as a key parameter and indicates the need for further research.

Suggested Citation

  • Panagiotis Chastas & Theodoros Theodosiou & Karolos J. Kontoleon & Dimitrios Bikas, 2017. "The Effect of Embodied Impact on the Cost-Optimal Levels of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: A Case Study of a Residential Building in Thessaloniki, Greece," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:6:p:740-:d:99532
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Elena G. Dascalaki & Poulia A. Argiropoulou & Constantinos A. Balaras & Kalliopi G. Droutsa & Simon Kontoyiannidis, 2020. "Benchmarks for Embodied and Operational Energy Assessment of Hellenic Single-Family Houses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-36, August.
    9. Li, Clyde Zhengdao & Lai, Xulu & Xiao, Bing & Tam, Vivian W.Y. & Guo, Shan & Zhao, Yiyu, 2020. "A holistic review on life cycle energy of buildings: An analysis from 2009 to 2019," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).

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