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Wind Turbine Loads Induced by Terrain and Wakes: An Experimental Study through Vibration Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics

Author

Listed:
  • Francesco Castellani

    (Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy)

  • Marco Buzzoni

    (Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Davide Astolfi

    (Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy)

  • Gianluca D’Elia

    (Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Giorgio Dalpiaz

    (Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via G. Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Ludovico Terzi

    (Renvico s.r.l., Via San Gregorio 34, 20124 Milano, Italy)

Abstract

A wind turbine is a very well-known archetype of energy conversion system working at non-stationary regimes. Despite this, a deep mechanical comprehension of wind turbines operating in complicated conditions is still challenging, especially as regards the analysis of experimental data. In particular, wind turbines in complex terrain represent a very valuable testing ground because of the possible combination of wake effects among nearby turbines and flow accelerations caused by the terrain morphology. For these reasons, in this work, a cluster of four full-scale wind turbines from a very complex site is studied. The object of investigation is vibrations, at the level of the structure (tower) and drive-train. Data collected by the on-board condition monitoring system are analyzed and interpreted in light of the knowledge of wind conditions and operating parameters collected by the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA). A free flow Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is also performed, and it allows one to better interpret the vibration analysis. The main outcome is the interpretation of how wakes and flow turbulences appear in the vibration signals, both at the structural level and at the drive-train level. Therefore, this wind to gear approach builds a connection between flow phenomena and mechanical phenomena in the form of vibrations, representing a precious tool for assessing loads in different working conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Castellani & Marco Buzzoni & Davide Astolfi & Gianluca D’Elia & Giorgio Dalpiaz & Ludovico Terzi, 2017. "Wind Turbine Loads Induced by Terrain and Wakes: An Experimental Study through Vibration Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:10:y:2017:i:11:p:1839-:d:118381
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dhunny, A.Z. & Lollchund, M.R. & Rughooputh, S.D.D.V., 2017. "Wind energy evaluation for a highly complex terrain using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 1-9.
    2. van Dijk, Mike T. & van Wingerden, Jan-Willem & Ashuri, Turaj & Li, Yaoyu, 2017. "Wind farm multi-objective wake redirection for optimizing power production and loads," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 561-569.
    3. Kim, Soo-Hyun & Shin, Hyung-Ki & Joo, Young-Chul & Kim, Keon-Hoon, 2015. "A study of the wake effects on the wind characteristics and fatigue loads for the turbines in a wind farm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 536-543.
    4. Vera-Tudela, Luis & Kühn, Martin, 2017. "Analysing wind turbine fatigue load prediction: The impact of wind farm flow conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 352-360.
    5. Hu, Aijun & Yan, Xiaoan & Xiang, Ling, 2015. "A new wind turbine fault diagnosis method based on ensemble intrinsic time-scale decomposition and WPT-fractal dimension," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 767-778.
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    Cited by:

    1. Takanori Uchida & Susumu Takakuwa, 2019. "A Large-Eddy Simulation-Based Assessment of the Risk of Wind Turbine Failures Due to Terrain-Induced Turbulence over a Wind Farm in Complex Terrain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, May.

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