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Energy-Efficient Smart Irrigation Technologies: A Pathway to Water and Energy Sustainability in Agriculture

Author

Listed:
  • Umar Daraz

    (Department of Sociology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan)

  • Štefan Bojnec

    (Department of Economics, Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, SI-6000 Koper-Capodistria, Slovenia
    Department of Economic Policy and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
    Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Younas Khan

    (Department of Sociology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan)

Abstract

The agricultural sector faces challenges such as water scarcity, energy inefficiency, and declining productivity, particularly in arid regions. Traditional irrigation methods contribute to resource depletion and environmental impacts. Solar-powered smart irrigation systems integrate precision irrigation with renewable energy, improving water use and productivity. In Pakistan, where agriculture contributes 19% of gross domestic product and employs 40% of the workforce, these challenges are severe, especially in water-scarce areas like the Cholistan Desert. This study examines the impact of solar-powered smart irrigation on agricultural productivity, water conservation, and energy efficiency in the Cholistan Desert. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 384 farmers via structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including multiple linear regression, paired sample t -tests, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), were conducted. Findings show significant improvements in crop yield (from 3.0 to 4.8 tons/hectare) and reductions in water and energy consumption. Regression analysis highlighted strong positive effects on yield and efficiency, while SEM confirmed reduced environmental impact and operational costs. The study concludes that solar-powered irrigation enhances productivity, conserves resources, and promotes sustainability. Policymakers should provide financial incentives, invest in renewable infrastructure, and implement training programs to support adoption. Collaborative efforts are essential for sustainable agriculture in arid regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Umar Daraz & Štefan Bojnec & Younas Khan, 2025. "Energy-Efficient Smart Irrigation Technologies: A Pathway to Water and Energy Sustainability in Agriculture," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-27, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:5:p:554-:d:1606088
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peretti, Francesca & Menapace, Andrea & Zanfei, Ariele & Righetti, Maurizio, 2025. "Optimal irrigation scheduling for sustainable agriculture: Minimising energy costs in rotational management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).

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