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Field Validation of the DNDC-Rice Model for Crop Yield, Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Carbon Sequestration in a Soybean System with Rye Cover Crop Management

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  • Qiliang Huang

    (United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan)

  • Nobuko Katayanagi

    (Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan)

  • Masakazu Komatsuzaki

    (College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan)

  • Tamon Fumoto

    (Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan)

Abstract

The DNDC-Rice model effectively simulates yield and greenhouse gas emissions within a paddy system, while its performance under upland conditions remains unclear. Using data from a long-term cover crop experiment (fallow [FA] vs. rye [RY]) in a soybean field, this study validated the DNDC-Rice model’s performance in simulating soil dynamics, crop growth, and C-N cycling processes in upland systems through various indicators, including soil temperature, water-filled pore space (WFPS), soybean biomass and yield, CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes, and soil organic carbon (SOC). Based on simulated results, the underestimation of cumulative N 2 O flux (25.6% in FA and 5.1% in RY) was attributed to both underestimated WFPS and the algorithm’s limitations in simulating N 2 O emission pulses. Overestimated soybean growth increased respiration, leading to the overestimation of CO 2 flux. Although the model captured trends in SOC stock, the simulated annual values differed from observations (−9.9% to +10.1%), potentially due to sampling errors. These findings indicate that the DNDC-Rice model requires improvements in its N cycling algorithm and crop growth sub-models to improve predictions for upland systems. This study provides validation evidence for applying DNDC-Rice to upland systems and offers direction for improving model simulation in paddy-upland rotation systems, thereby enhancing its applicability in such contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiliang Huang & Nobuko Katayanagi & Masakazu Komatsuzaki & Tamon Fumoto, 2025. "Field Validation of the DNDC-Rice Model for Crop Yield, Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Carbon Sequestration in a Soybean System with Rye Cover Crop Management," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:15:y:2025:i:14:p:1525-:d:1701875
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    2. Shen, Jiacheng & Treu, Roland & Wang, Junye & Hao, Xiying & Thomas, Ben W., 2019. "Modeling growing season and annual cumulative nitrous oxide emissions and emission factors from organically fertilized soils planted with barley in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
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