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Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water

Author

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  • Mohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim

    (Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt)

  • Ahmad M. Menesi

    (Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt)

  • Mahmoud M. Abd El-Mageed

    (Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt)

  • Joanna Lemanowicz

    (Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland)

  • Samir A. Haddad

    (Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Minia University, El-Minia 61517, Egypt)

Abstract

The current research aims to study the impacts of adding corncob biochar to a sandy soil irrigated with drainage water on wheat productivity, heavy metals fate, and some soil properties that reflect healthy soil conditions. This research consists of two separate experiments under field (lysimeters) and pot incubation conditions conducted on sandy soil irrigated with drainage water and treated with corncob biochar at the rate of 0.0, 1, 2, and 3% as mixing or mulching. Results specified that drainage water electrical conductivity value (5.89 dS m −1 ) lies under the degree of restriction on use of “Severe”, indicating that nonstop irrigation with such drainage water may cause a severe salinity problem in soil in the long run. A comparison of heavy metal concentrations of biochar-treated soils with the control showed that total heavy metals had accumulated significantly in the topsoil layer. Most of the available heavy metal concentrations in all soil leachate fractions were below the method detection limits. Mean concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in wheat crops were far below the concentrations considered phytotoxic to wheat plants. More than 90% of the Ni, Cd, and Pb contained in the drainage water of the Al-Moheet drain were significantly present ( p ≤ 0.05) and adsorbed by biochar in the top 20 cm of soil lysimeters, indicating the high biochar adsorptive capacity of heavy metals. Total counts of bacteria and fungi gradually and significantly increased over the soil incubation time despite irrigation with contaminated drainage water. Soil resistance index (SRI) values for microbial biomass were positive throughout the experiment and increased significantly as the application rate of corncob biochar increased. These results indicated the high feasibility of using corncob biochar at a rate of 3% to temporarily improve the health of sandy soil despite irrigation with drainage water.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim & Ahmad M. Menesi & Mahmoud M. Abd El-Mageed & Joanna Lemanowicz & Samir A. Haddad, 2022. "Wheat Crop Yield and Changes in Soil Biological and Heavy Metals Status in a Sandy Soil Amended with Biochar and Irrigated with Drainage Water," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:12:y:2022:i:10:p:1723-:d:946911
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Samir A. Haddad & Joanna Lemanowicz, 2021. "Benefits of Corn-Cob Biochar to the Microbial and Enzymatic Activity of Soybean Plants Grown in Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-14, September.
    2. Johannes Lehmann, 2007. "A handful of carbon," Nature, Nature, vol. 447(7141), pages 143-144, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim & Eman Yousef & Marwa Hussien & Ahmad Hamza & Ahmad Menesi & Naglaa Youssef & Maha Omar & Joanna Lemanowicz & Gaber E. Eldesoky & Nesrin S. Abdelkarim & Renata Gaj & Jean D, 2023. "Sustainable Solutions for Arid Regions: Harnessing Aquaponics Water to Enhance Soil Quality in Egypt," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Samir A. Haddad & Hossam Abdelmageed & Abdelaziz Saleh & Samia Ahmed & Mohieyeddin M. Abd El-Azeim & Joanna Lemanowicz & Gaber E. Eldesoky & Omar Saad, 2023. "Response of Cellulose Decomposition and Nodulation in Soils Amended with Biochar for Peri-Urban Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-18, June.

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