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Ground Frosts in Poland in the Growing Season

Author

Listed:
  • Czesław Koźmiński

    (Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Jadwiga Nidzgorska-Lencewicz

    (Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Mąkosza

    (Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Bożena Michalska

    (Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland)

Abstract

The ongoing climate warming affects, among others, and the variability of thermal conditions in spring and autumn are resulting in earlier dates of the beginning and end of the growing season. The present paper provides detailed characteristics of the phenomenon of ground frosts, addressing the question of whether the risk of frost-related damage in the extending growing season is still present. The assessment of temporal and spatial distribution of ground frosts (5 cm above ground level-AGL) in Poland in the thermal growing season (AT > 5 °C) was conducted on the basis of the results of air temperature measurements at 5 and 200 cm a.g.l. obtained from 52 station of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute for the period 1971–2020. The thermal growing season was calculated using the method by Gumiński. The following were calculated: the dates of the occurrence of ground frosts in spring and autumn, duration of the frost-free period, the number of days with frosts of various intensity, according to years, ten-day period and days in a year together with trends of change. The conducted analysis demonstrated that the number of days with frosts in the thermal growing season in the multiannual period under analysis (1971–2020) does not show any statistically significant changes. It was found that in the thermal growing season, the average number of days with ground frosts in Poland amounts to 28 and ranges in spring from 15 to 22, and in autumn from 8 to 12. Most frequently, approx. 49%, slight frosts are recorded, followed by moderate (29%), severe (15%) and very severe (7%). A positive effect of water reservoirs on decreasing the frequency and intensity of frosts, as well as sporadic occurrence of the phenomenon in the second half of June were demonstrated. Statistically significant earlier dates of disappearance of frosts in spring, later dates of occurrence in autumn and the lengthening of the frost-free period from approximately 2 days in the north-east of Poland to approximately 8.0 days over 10 years in the Pomerania region, create increasingly more favourable conditions for the cultivation of plants with high thermal requirements in Poland.

Suggested Citation

  • Czesław Koźmiński & Jadwiga Nidzgorska-Lencewicz & Agnieszka Mąkosza & Bożena Michalska, 2021. "Ground Frosts in Poland in the Growing Season," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:7:p:573-:d:580309
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ustrnul Zbigniew & Wypych Agnieszka & Winkler Julie A. & Czekierda Danuta, 2014. "Late Spring Freezes in Poland in Relation to Atmospheric Circulation," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 33(3), pages 1-8, September.
    2. Annette Menzel & Peter Fabian, 1999. "Growing season extended in Europe," Nature, Nature, vol. 397(6721), pages 659-659, February.
    3. Yann Vitasse & Martine Rebetez, 2018. "Unprecedented risk of spring frost damage in Switzerland and Germany in 2017," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 149(2), pages 233-246, July.
    4. Czesław Koźmiński & Agnieszka Mąkosza & Bożena Michalska & Jadwiga Nidzgorska-Lencewicz, 2020. "Thermal Conditions for Viticulture in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-19, July.
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