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Funding for longer lives. Retirement wallet and risk-sharing annuities

Author

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  • Jorge Miguel Bravo

    (NOVA IMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa & MagIC & CEFAGE-UE & Université Paris-Dauphine)

Abstract

Longevity increases and population ageing create challenges for all societal institutions, particularly those providing retirement income, health care, and long-term care services. At the individual level, an obvious question is how to ensure all retirees have an adequate, secure, stable and predictable lifelong income stream that will allow them to maintain a target standard of living for however long the individual lives. In this paper we introduce and discuss the concept of retirement wallet representing the multiple income and service sources individuals and their families will have to fund for longer lives. We then address the main decumulation risks and options, including the adoption of a given longevity insurance strategy, of a programmed withdrawal strategy and of an investment strategy. The main payout options available for allocating assets accumulated in pension plans are discussed, particularly the role of traditional and innovative investment and longevity risk-sharing structures. We provide illustrative results for the price of innovative participating longevity-linked life annuities (PLLAs) that link benefits to the dynamics of both a longevity index and an interest rate adjustment factor using Spanish mortality and financial market data.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge Miguel Bravo, 2019. "Funding for longer lives. Retirement wallet and risk-sharing annuities," EKONOMIAZ. Revista vasca de Economía, Gobierno Vasco / Eusko Jaurlaritza / Basque Government, vol. 96(02), pages 268-291.
    • Handle: RePEc:ekz:ekonoz:2019212
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vasicek, Oldrich, 1977. "An equilibrium characterization of the term structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 177-188, November.
    2. Bravo, Jorge M. & Herce, Jose A., 2022. "Career breaks, broken pensions? Long-run effects of early and late-career unemployment spells on pension entitlements," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(2), pages 191-217, April.
    3. Holzmann, Robert & Ayuso, Mercedes & Alaminos, Estefanía & Bravo, Jorge Miguel, 2019. "Life Cycle Saving and Dissaving Revisited across Three-Tiered Income Groups: Starting Hypotheses, Refinement through Literature Review, and Ideas for Empirical Testing," IZA Discussion Papers 12655, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Michel Denuit & Steven Haberman & Arthur Renshaw, 2011. "Longevity-Indexed Life Annuities," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(1), pages 97-111.
    5. Bravo, Jorge M. & Ayuso, Mercedes & Holzmann, Robert & Palmer, Edward, 2021. "Addressing the life expectancy gap in pension policy," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 200-221.
    6. Vasicek, Oldrich Alfonso, 1977. "Abstract: An Equilibrium Characterization of the Term Structure," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(4), pages 627-627, November.
    7. Ayuso, Mercedes & Bravo, Jorge Miguel & Holzmann, Robert, 2016. "On the Heterogeneity in Longevity among Socioeconomic Groups: Scope, Trends, and Implications for Earnings-Related Pension Schemes," IZA Discussion Papers 10060, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Ventura Bravo, Jorge Miguel & Pereira da Silva, Carlos Manuel, 2006. "Immunization using a stochastic-process independent multi-factor model: The Portuguese experience," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 133-156, January.
    9. Milevsky, Moshe A. & Salisbury, Thomas S., 2015. "Optimal retirement income tontines," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 91-105.
    10. Denuit, Michel & Haberman, Steven & Renshaw, Arthur, 2011. "Longevity-indexed life annuities," LIDAM Reprints ISBA 2011024, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).
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    Cited by:

    1. Cláudia Simões & Luís Oliveira & Jorge M. Bravo, 2021. "Immunization Strategies for Funding Multiple Inflation-Linked Retirement Income Benefits," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-28, March.
    2. Bravo, Jorge M. & Ayuso, Mercedes & Holzmann, Robert & Palmer, Edward, 2021. "Addressing the life expectancy gap in pension policy," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 200-221.
    3. Bravo, Jorge M. & Nunes, João Pedro Vidal, 2021. "Pricing longevity derivatives via Fourier transforms," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 81-97.
    4. Mercedes Ayuso & Jorge M. Bravo & Robert Holzmann & Edward Palmer, 2021. "Automatic Indexation of the Pension Age to Life Expectancy: When Policy Design Matters," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-28, May.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    longevity-linked life annuities; risk-sharing; pension decumulation; retirement wallet; pension reform; equity release mechanisms;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General

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