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US immigrants and bicycling: Two-wheeled in Autopia

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  • Smart, Michael

Abstract

Immigrants to the United States--particularly new immigrants--are more likely than the native born to travel by bicycle. This paper explores the extent to which the use of bicycles by immigrants can be explained by variables such as income, age, automobile availability, and neighborhood characteristics. Results from multinomial logistic mode choice models suggest that, even after controlling for these factors, a large and significant "immigrant effect" remains. The effect size is large for all immigrant groups by sending country, though some immigrant groups--such as those from East and Southeast Asia--are more likely than are others to use bicycles after controlling for other factors. Several avenues for further research are introduced, and policy implications are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Smart, Michael, 2010. "US immigrants and bicycling: Two-wheeled in Autopia," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 153-159, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:17:y:2010:i:3:p:153-159
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. U.S. Immigrants and Bicycling: Two-wheeled in Autopia
      by Sui-Jade in Journalist's Resource on 2010-06-30 02:01:08

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    2. Houde, Maxime & Apparicio, Philippe & Séguin, Anne-Marie, 2018. "A ride for whom: Has cycling network expansion reduced inequities in accessibility in Montreal, Canada?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 9-21.
    3. Janina Welsch & Kerstin Conrad & Dirk Wittowsky, 2018. "Exploring immigrants travel behaviour: empirical findings from Offenbach am Main, Germany," Transportation, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 733-750, May.
    4. Chakrabarti, Sandip & Painter, Gary, 2019. "Geographic mobility of recent immigrants and urban transit demand in the U.S.: New evidence and planning implications," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 71-82.
    5. Pan, Alexandra & Shaheen, Susan PhD, 2021. "Strategies to Overcome Transportation Barriers for Rent Burdened Oakland Residents," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt327773q9, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    6. Hu, Lingqian & Klein, Nicholas J. & Smart, Michael J., 2021. "Comparing immigrant commute travel adaptation across and within racial/ethnic groups," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 112-122.
    7. Shin, Eun Jin, 2017. "Ethnic neighborhoods, social networks, and inter-household carpooling: A comparison across ethnic minority groups," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 14-26.
    8. Michael Smart, 2015. "A nationwide look at the immigrant neighborhood effect on travel mode choice," Transportation, Springer, vol. 42(1), pages 189-209, January.
    9. Hu, Lingqian, 2017. "Changing travel behavior of Asian immigrants in the U.S," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 248-260.
    10. Lanzendorf, Martin & Busch-Geertsema, Annika, 2014. "The cycling boom in large German cities—Empirical evidence for successful cycling campaigns," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 26-33.
    11. Sonja Haustein & Maarten Kroesen & Ismir Mulalic, 2020. "Cycling culture and socialisation: modelling the effect of immigrant origin on cycling in Denmark and the Netherlands," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 1689-1709, August.
    12. Rahman Shafi & Alexa Delbosc & Geoffrey Rose, 2023. "The role of culture and evolving attitudes in travel behaviour assimilation among south asian immigrants in Melbourne, Australia," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 1261-1287, August.
    13. Evelyn Blumenberg & Michael Smart, 2014. "Brother can you Spare a Ride? Carpooling in Immigrant Neighbourhoods," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(9), pages 1871-1890, July.
    14. Daniel Chatman, 2014. "Explaining the “immigrant effect” on auto use: the influences of neighborhoods and preferences," Transportation, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 441-461, May.
    15. Morgan, Njogu, 2020. "The stickiness of cycling: Residential relocation and changes in utility cycling in Johannesburg," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    16. Shirgaokar, Manish & Nobler, Erin, 2021. "Differences in daily trips between immigrants and US-born individuals: Implications for social integration," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 103-114.
    17. Hsin-Ping Hsu, 2023. "Domestic burden in an unfamiliar new homeland: gender, immigration, and household-serving trip frequencies," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(6), pages 2319-2337, December.
    18. Jesus M. Barajas, 2020. "Supplemental infrastructure: how community networks and immigrant identity influence cycling," Transportation, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 1251-1274, June.
    19. Klein, Nicholas J. & Guerra, Erick & Smart, Michael J., 2018. "The Philadelphia story: Age, race, gender and changing travel trends," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 19-25.
    20. Chatman, Daniel G. & Klein, Nicholas J., 2013. "Why do immigrants drive less? Confirmations, complications, and new hypotheses from a qualitative study in New Jersey, USA," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 336-344.
    21. Lugo, Adonia E., 2013. "CicLAvia and human infrastructure in Los Angeles: ethnographic experiments in equitable bike planning," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 202-207.
    22. Jixiang Liu & Longzhu Xiao, 2024. "Socioeconomic differences in effect size: predicting commuting mode choice of migrants and locals using a light gradient boosting approach," Transportation, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 1-24, February.

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