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Factors affecting tourism policy implementation: A conceptual framework and a case study in China

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  • Wang, Dan
  • Ap, John

Abstract

The understanding of tourism policy-making and implementation is important due to the multi-faceted nature of tourism and the complexity in inter-organizational relations and collaborative policy-making. This paper aims at contributing to the frameworks and theories regarding the implementation of tourism policy by considering the factors identified in both the top-down and bottom-up approaches of policy implementation. The main purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework describing the factors affecting the implementation of tourism policy and illustrate the framework with the experience of tourism policy implementation at the local level in China. It was found that four factors including: economic and social macro-environment; institutional arrangements; inter-organizational relations (IOR) and inter-organizational co-ordination structures (IOC); and interest groups were influential in the implementation of tourism policy. Furthermore, the case study in China identified the roles of each factor in terms of constraints and facilitators in the real-world context and enriched the conceptual framework by illustrating the relationships among factors. This study sheds light on concepts and theories regarding tourism policy implementation. It also addresses some solutions which may enrich the tourism policy literature in an Asian and developing country context.

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  • Wang, Dan & Ap, John, 2013. "Factors affecting tourism policy implementation: A conceptual framework and a case study in China," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 221-233.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:36:y:2013:i:c:p:221-233
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.11.021
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    1. Sabatier, Paul A., 1986. "Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Implementation Research: a Critical Analysis and Suggested Synthesis," Journal of Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 6(1), pages 21-48, January.
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    7. Andrews, Matt & Pritchett, Lant & Woolcock, Michael, 2017. "Building State Capability: Evidence, Analysis, Action," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198747482, Decembrie.
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    12. Lavandoski, Joice & Albino Silva, João & Vargas-Sánchez, Alfonso, 2014. "Institutional Theory In Tourism Studies: Evidence And Future Directions," Spatial and Organizational Dynamics Discussion Papers 2014-3, CIEO-Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, University of Algarve.
    13. Blasco, Dani & Guia, Jaume & Prats, Lluís, 2014. "Emergence of governance in cross-border destinations," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 159-173.
    14. Matt Andrews & Lant Pritchett & Michael Woolcock, 2016. "Managing Your Authorizing Environment in a PDIA Process," CID Working Papers 312, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
    15. Chen, Xiaoqing, 2017. "A phenomenological explication of guanxi in rural tourism management: A case study of a village in China," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 383-394.
    16. Zhou, Lingxu & Chan, Eric & Song, Haiyan, 2017. "Social capital and entrepreneurial mobility in early-stage tourism development: A case from rural China," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 338-350.
    17. Tang, Xiaoyun, 2017. "The historical evolution of China's tourism development policies (1949–2013) – A quantitative research approach," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 259-269.
    18. McCamley, Claire & Gilmore, Audrey, 2017. "Aggravated fragmentation: A case study of SME behaviour in two emerging heritage tourism regions," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 81-91.
    19. Matt Andrews & Lant Pritchett & Michael Woolcock, 2016. "Doing Iterative and Adaptive Work," CID Working Papers 313, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
    20. Dredge, Dianne & Jamal, Tazim, 2015. "Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-structural perspective on knowledge production," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 285-297.
    21. Hossein Komasi & Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani & Fausto Cavallaro, 2022. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Nature-Based Tourism, Scenario Planning Approach (Case Study of Nature-Based Tourism in Iran)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-13, March.
    22. Jin, Yu & Xi, Haonan & Wang, Xuhui & Ren, Xin & Yuan, Libin, 2022. "Evaluation of the Integration Policy in China: Does the Integration of Culture and Tourism Promote Tourism Development?," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    23. Dev Nathan & Yang Fuquan & Yu Yin, 2013. "The zero-fee tour: price competition and network downgrading in Chinese tourism," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series ctg-2013-28, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    24. Moyo, Laurane & Wehn, Uta, 2017. "Interaction dynamics: The case of the water sector skills plan in South Africa," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 91-99.

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