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Emotional confidence levels and success of tourism development for poverty reduction: The South African Kwam eMakana home-stay project

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  • Kwaramba, Hazel M.
  • Lovett, Jon C.
  • Louw, Lynette
  • Chipumuro, Juliet

Abstract

Poverty reduction is a central component of South African government local economic development (LED) programmes. The Grahamstown Kwame Makana pilot project for promotion of tourism home-stays aims to assist disadvantaged women to become self-reliant entrepreneurs. However the project has only met with partial success. This paper uses an emotional intelligence (EI) methodology to assess the empowerment and confidence levels of the women. The major findings are: a) the home-stays are lacking entrepreneurial steering, reflected by absence of marketing strategies and a heavy reliance on one distribution channel; b) a majority (74.3%) scored low on self and social awareness, self-management and social skills. The paper argues that disadvantaged groups with low emotional confidence levels will struggle to capitalize on opportunities for economic advancement. It concludes that in order to achieve LED, and hence poverty reduction, through tourism home-stays there is a need to focus on building confidence and empowerment of the women.

Suggested Citation

  • Kwaramba, Hazel M. & Lovett, Jon C. & Louw, Lynette & Chipumuro, Juliet, 2012. "Emotional confidence levels and success of tourism development for poverty reduction: The South African Kwam eMakana home-stay project," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 885-894.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:33:y:2012:i:4:p:885-894
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.09.010
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    Cited by:

    1. Sood, Jyoti & Lynch, Paul & Anastasiadou, Constantia, 2017. "Community non-participation in homestays in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 332-347.
    2. Ngoasong, Michael Z. & Kimbu, Albert N., 2016. "Informal microfinance institutions and development-led tourism entrepreneurship," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 430-439.
    3. Yaping Liu & Jie Yu, 2022. "Path dependence in pro-poor tourism," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 973-993, January.
    4. Regina Scheyvens & Heidi van der Watt, 2021. "Tourism, Empowerment and Sustainable Development: A New Framework for Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    5. Furkan Baltaci, 2021. "The Relationship Between The Environmental Attitude, Behavioral Role And Support Of The Local Resident In Sustainable Development Of Tourism: The Example Of Alanya," Journal of Economy Culture and Society, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 63(63), pages 213-236, June.
    6. Kimbu, Albert Nsom & Ngoasong, Michael Zisuh, 2016. "Women as vectors of social entrepreneurship," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 63-79.
    7. Faith Samkange & Haywantee Ramkissoon & Juliet Chipumuro & Henry Wanyama & Gaurav Chawla, 2021. "Innovative and Sustainable Food Production and Food Consumption Entrepreneurship: A Conceptual Recipe for Delivering Development Success in South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-20, October.
    8. Figueroa-Domecq, Cristina & de Jong, Anna & Williams, Allan M., 2020. "Gender, tourism & entrepreneurship: A critical review," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    9. Altinay, Levent & Sigala, Marianna & Waligo, Victoria, 2016. "Social value creation through tourism enterprise," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 404-417.
    10. Jun Liu & Mengting Yue & Yiming Liu & Ding Wen & Yun Tong, 2022. "The Impact of Tourism on Ecosystem Services Value: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis Based on BRT and GWR Modeling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, February.
    11. Forbes Kabote & Patrick Walter Mamimine & Zororo Muranda, 2017. "Domestic Tourism For Sustainable Development In Developing Countries: A Conceptual Paper," Revista de turism - studii si cercetari in turism / Journal of tourism - studies and research in tourism, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania, Faculty of Economics and Public Administration - Economy, Business Administration and Tourism Department., vol. 23(23), pages 1-3, June.

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