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The role of artificial intelligence in smart city systems usage: drivers, barriers, and behavioural outcomes

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  • Ferreira dos Santos, Joao Pedro
  • de Matos, Celso Augusto
  • Groznik, Aleš

Abstract

Smart city and smart home systems are among the most impactful technological advancements of recent years, offering innovative solutions while also presenting new challenges for businesses and society. This study aims to investigate the antecedents (both drivers and barriers) of smart city system adoption, specifically those that incorporate artificial intelligence, and to analyse their effects on behavioral outcomes—more specifically, well-being and individual impact. The proposed model was tested using structural equation modelling with data from a survey of 211 individuals in Portugal. The main findings indicate that ubiquity and gamification were the most influential drivers of smart city system adoption. Conversely, perceived risks associated with these systems hindered their adoption. Additionally, our study demonstrated that trust significantly interacts with empowerment, perceived risk, and usage intention. Finally, usage intention was found to have a positive impact on well-being and individual outcomes in daily life.

Suggested Citation

  • Ferreira dos Santos, Joao Pedro & de Matos, Celso Augusto & Groznik, Aleš, 2025. "The role of artificial intelligence in smart city systems usage: drivers, barriers, and behavioural outcomes," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:teinso:v:81:y:2025:i:c:s0160791x25000570
    DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.102867
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