Using a novel “Perceived Self-Group Hierarchy” measure to predict White Americans’ health via feelings of “falling behind”

Previous research finds that White Americans tend to perceive “most White people” to be high-status and see themselves as falling behind their racial group (Cooley et al., 2021). These feelings of low within-group status predict fewer positive emotions which, in turn, predict worse health. However, this previous work is limited by its use of two separate status measures (i.e., “self” and “group”) which are used to infer within-group comparisons via difference scores. To address this limitation, we propose a Perceived Self-Group Hierarchy (PSGH) measure that directly assesses perceptions of within-group status, while also capturing perceptions of between-group status. Using samples of non-Hispanic White Americans with representative quota sampling (NTotal = 1600), we demonstrate that our new measure provides better criterion validity and incremental validity over prior measurement strategies when predicting health (Study 1). Moreover, when combined with latent profile analysis, our measure allows researchers to ask more nuanced questions regarding subjective status and health (Study 2).