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A comparative study of the status of GSHP applications in the United States and China

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  • Liu, Xiaobing
  • Lu, Shilei
  • Hughes, Patrick
  • Cai, Zhe

Abstract

Ground source heat pump (GSHP) or geothermal heat pump technology was first developed and commercially introduced in the late 1970s, and GSHP units representing approximately 3.9 million tons of cooling had been installed in the United States by 2012. Applications of GSHP technology also have grown rapidly in China since it was introduced into China in the 1990s through collaboration between the Chinese and US governments. It is estimated that by 2013, about 400 million m2 (4.3 billion ft2) of building floor space in China was heated and/or cooled by GSHP systems. Governments in both China and the United States have programs that in some way support and/or promote the use of GSHP technology. After decades of practice, both countries have accumulated abundant experience in applying GSHP technology, but both also are confronted with various challenges to rapidly deploying this technology. Under the sponsorship of the US–China Clean Energy Research Center for Building Energy Efficiency, researchers reviewed and compared the current status of GSHP applications in the United States and China, including related policies, standards, technologies, equipment, costs, market development, and barriers. Based on this comparative study, future collaborations between the two countries are recommended to improve the application of the GSHP technology and fully realize its energy saving potential.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Xiaobing & Lu, Shilei & Hughes, Patrick & Cai, Zhe, 2015. "A comparative study of the status of GSHP applications in the United States and China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 558-570.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:48:y:2015:i:c:p:558-570
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.035
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Wei & Zhou, Jin & Xu, Wei & Zhang, Guoqiang, 2010. "Current status of ground-source heat pumps in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 323-332, January.
    2. Geng, Yong & Sarkis, Joseph & Wang, Xinbei & Zhao, Hongyan & Zhong, Yongguang, 2013. "Regional application of ground source heat pump in China: A case of Shenyang," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 95-102.
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    6. Wenting Ma & Moon Keun Kim & Jianli Hao, 2019. "Numerical Simulation Modeling of a GSHP and WSHP System for an Office Building in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region of China: A Case Study in Suzhou," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-17, June.
    7. Cristino, T.M. & Lotufo, F.A. & Delinchant, B. & Wurtz, F. & Faria Neto, A., 2021. "A comprehensive review of obstacles and drivers to building energy-saving technologies and their association with research themes, types of buildings, and geographic regions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    8. Luo, Jin & Zhang, Qi & Liang, Changming & Wang, Haiqi & Ma, Xinning, 2023. "An overview of the recent development of the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 269-279.
    9. Zhang, Guozhu & Cao, Ziming & Xiao, Suguang & Guo, Yimu & Li, Chenglin, 2022. "A promising technology of cold energy storage using phase change materials to cool tunnels with geothermal hazards," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    10. Shangyuan Chen & Jinfeng Mao & Xu Han & Chaofeng Li & Liyao Liu, 2016. "Numerical Analysis of the Factors Influencing a Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-12, September.
    11. Luo, Jin & Zhao, Haifeng & Jia, Jia & Xiang, Wei & Rohn, Joachim & Blum, Philipp, 2017. "Study on operation management of borehole heat exchangers for a large-scale hybrid ground source heat pump system in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 340-352.
    12. Liu, Zhijian & Li, Yuanwei & Xu, Wei & Yin, Hang & Gao, Jun & Jin, Guangya & Lun, Liyong & Jin, Guohui, 2019. "Performance and feasibility study of hybrid ground source heat pump system assisted with cooling tower for one office building based on one Shanghai case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 28-37.
    13. Qiao, Zhenyong & Long, Tianhe & Li, Wuyan & Zeng, Liyue & Li, Yongcai & Lu, Jun & Cheng, Yong & Xie, Ling & Yang, Lulu, 2020. "Performance assessment of ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) in the Southwestern and Northwestern China: In situ measurement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 214-227.
    14. Zhang, Xiaofeng & Yan, Renshi & Zeng, Rong & Zhu, Ruilin & Kong, Xiaoying & He, Yecong & Li, Hongqiang, 2022. "Integrated performance optimization of a biomass-based hybrid hydrogen/thermal energy storage system for building and hydrogen vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 801-818.

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