IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v43y2015icp726-749.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

AC and DC technology in microgrids: A review

Author

Listed:
  • Planas, Estefanía
  • Andreu, Jon
  • Gárate, José Ignacio
  • Martínez de Alegría, Iñigo
  • Ibarra, Edorta

Abstract

Microgrids are a suitable, reliable and clean solution to integrate distributed generation into the mains grid. Microgrids can present both AC and DC distribution lines. The type of distribution conditions the performance of distribution line and implies different features, advantages and disadvantages in each case. This paper analyses, in detail, all this parameters for AC and DC microgrids in order to identify and describe the available alternatives for building and configuring a microgrid. Elements and issues involved in the implementation and development, such as protections, power converters, economic analysis, and availability are discussed and described. This analysis constitutes a tool for selecting a suitable configuration of a microgrid adapted to the needs in each situation. In addition, the paper provides a picture of the current situation of microgrids, and identifies and proposes future research lines.

Suggested Citation

  • Planas, Estefanía & Andreu, Jon & Gárate, José Ignacio & Martínez de Alegría, Iñigo & Ibarra, Edorta, 2015. "AC and DC technology in microgrids: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 726-749.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:43:y:2015:i:c:p:726-749
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.067
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114010065
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.067?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jiayi, Huang & Chuanwen, Jiang & Rong, Xu, 2008. "A review on distributed energy resources and MicroGrid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(9), pages 2472-2483, December.
    2. Basak, Prasenjit & Chowdhury, S. & Halder nee Dey, S. & Chowdhury, S.P., 2012. "A literature review on integration of distributed energy resources in the perspective of control, protection and stability of microgrid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(8), pages 5545-5556.
    3. Taghvaee, M.H. & Radzi, M.A.M. & Moosavain, S.M. & Hizam, Hashim & Hamiruce Marhaban, M., 2013. "A current and future study on non-isolated DC–DC converters for photovoltaic applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 216-227.
    4. Basu, Ashoke Kumar & Chowdhury, S.P. & Chowdhury, S. & Paul, S., 2011. "Microgrids: Energy management by strategic deployment of DERs—A comprehensive survey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4348-4356.
    5. Akorede, Mudathir Funsho & Hizam, Hashim & Pouresmaeil, Edris, 2010. "Distributed energy resources and benefits to the environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 724-734, February.
    6. Viral, Rajkumar & Khatod, D.K., 2012. "Optimal planning of distributed generation systems in distribution system: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 5146-5165.
    7. Sanchez, Santiago & Molinas, Marta & Degano, Marco & Zanchetta, Pericle, 2014. "Stability evaluation of a DC micro-grid and future interconnection to an AC system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 649-656.
    8. Lidula, N.W.A. & Rajapakse, A.D., 2014. "Voltage balancing and synchronization of microgrids with highly unbalanced loads," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 907-920.
    9. Planas, Estefanía & Gil-de-Muro, Asier & Andreu, Jon & Kortabarria, Iñigo & Martínez de Alegría, Iñigo, 2013. "General aspects, hierarchical controls and droop methods in microgrids: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 147-159.
    10. Mendes, Gonçalo & Ioakimidis, Christos & Ferrão, Paulo, 2011. "On the planning and analysis of Integrated Community Energy Systems: A review and survey of available tools," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4836-4854.
    11. Kriett, Phillip Oliver & Salani, Matteo, 2012. "Optimal control of a residential microgrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 321-330.
    12. Kaldellis, J.K. & Zafirakis, D. & Kavadias, K., 2009. "Techno-economic comparison of energy storage systems for island autonomous electrical networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 378-392, February.
    13. Khamis, Aziah & Shareef, Hussain & Bizkevelci, Erdal & Khatib, Tamer, 2013. "A review of islanding detection techniques for renewable distributed generation systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 483-493.
    14. Jaffery, Syed Husain Imran & Khan, Mushtaq & Ali, Liaqat & Khan, Hassan Abbas & Mufti, Riaz Ahmad & Khan, Ashfaq & Khan, Nawar & Jaffery, Syed M., 2014. "The potential of solar powered transportation and the case for solar powered railway in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 270-276.
    15. Thornton, Alexander & Monroy, Carlos Rodríguez, 2011. "Distributed power generation in the United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4809-4817.
    16. Justo, Jackson John & Mwasilu, Francis & Lee, Ju & Jung, Jin-Woo, 2013. "AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 387-405.
    17. Sanseverino, Eleonora Riva & Di Silvestre, Maria Luisa & Ippolito, Mariano Giuseppe & De Paola, Alessandra & Lo Re, Giuseppe, 2011. "An execution, monitoring and replanning approach for optimal energy management in microgrids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3429-3436.
    18. López, Iraide & Andreu, Jon & Ceballos, Salvador & Martínez de Alegría, Iñigo & Kortabarria, Iñigo, 2013. "Review of wave energy technologies and the necessary power-equipment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 413-434.
    19. Gopalan, Sachit A. & Sreeram, Victor & Iu, Herbert H.C., 2014. "A review of coordination strategies and protection schemes for microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 222-228.
    20. Ustun, Taha Selim & Ozansoy, Cagil & Zayegh, Aladin, 2011. "Recent developments in microgrids and example cases around the world—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 4030-4041.
    21. Ferreira, Helder Lopes & Garde, Raquel & Fulli, Gianluca & Kling, Wil & Lopes, Joao Pecas, 2013. "Characterisation of electrical energy storage technologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 288-298.
    22. Zeng, Zheng & Yang, Huan & Zhao, Rongxiang, 2011. "Study on small signal stability of microgrids: A review and a new approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4818-4828.
    23. Velasco, D. & Trujillo, C.L. & Garcerá, G. & Figueres, E., 2010. "Review of anti-islanding techniques in distributed generators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(6), pages 1608-1614, August.
    24. Chicco, Gianfranco & Mancarella, Pierluigi, 2009. "Distributed multi-generation: A comprehensive view," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 535-551, April.
    25. Raja Singh, R. & Raj Chelliah, Thanga & Agarwal, Pramod, 2014. "Power electronics in hydro electric energy systems – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 944-959.
    26. Zamora, Ramon & Srivastava, Anurag K., 2010. "Controls for microgrids with storage: Review, challenges, and research needs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(7), pages 2009-2018, September.
    27. Chakraborty, Sudipta & Kramer, Bill & Kroposki, Benjamin, 2009. "A review of power electronics interfaces for distributed energy systems towards achieving low-cost modular design," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2323-2335, December.
    28. Costa, Paulo Moisés & Matos, Manuel A. & Peças Lopes, J.A., 2008. "Regulation of microgeneration and microgrids," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 3893-3904, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yanine, Franco F. & Sauma, Enzo E., 2013. "Review of grid-tie micro-generation systems without energy storage: Towards a new approach to sustainable hybrid energy systems linked to energy efficiency," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 60-95.
    2. Patrao, Iván & Figueres, Emilio & Garcerá, Gabriel & González-Medina, Raúl, 2015. "Microgrid architectures for low voltage distributed generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 415-424.
    3. Palizban, Omid & Kauhaniemi, Kimmo & Guerrero, Josep M., 2014. "Microgrids in active network management – part II: System operation, power quality and protection," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 440-451.
    4. A. Rahman, Hasimah & Majid, Md. Shah & Rezaee Jordehi, A. & Chin Kim, Gan & Hassan, Mohammad Yusri & O. Fadhl, Saeed, 2015. "Operation and control strategies of integrated distributed energy resources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1412-1420.
    5. Unamuno, Eneko & Barrena, Jon Andoni, 2015. "Hybrid ac/dc microgrids—Part II: Review and classification of control strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1123-1134.
    6. Justo, Jackson John & Mwasilu, Francis & Lee, Ju & Jung, Jin-Woo, 2013. "AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 387-405.
    7. Unamuno, Eneko & Barrena, Jon Andoni, 2015. "Hybrid ac/dc microgrids—Part I: Review and classification of topologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1251-1259.
    8. Palizban, Omid & Kauhaniemi, Kimmo & Guerrero, Josep M., 2014. "Microgrids in active network management—Part I: Hierarchical control, energy storage, virtual power plants, and market participation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 428-439.
    9. Roslan, M.F. & Hannan, M.A. & Ker, Pin Jern & Uddin, M.N., 2019. "Microgrid control methods toward achieving sustainable energy management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 583-607.
    10. Isa, Normazlina Mat & Tan, Chee Wei & Yatim, A.H.M., 2018. "A comprehensive review of cogeneration system in a microgrid: A perspective from architecture and operating system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2236-2263.
    11. Thomas Sachs & Anna Gründler & Milos Rusic & Gilbert Fridgen, 2019. "Framing Microgrid Design from a Business and Information Systems Engineering Perspective," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 61(6), pages 729-744, December.
    12. Adil, Ali M. & Ko, Yekang, 2016. "Socio-technical evolution of Decentralized Energy Systems: A critical review and implications for urban planning and policy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1025-1037.
    13. Jung, Jaesung & Onen, Ahmet & Russell, Kevin & Broadwater, Robert P., 2015. "Local steady-state and quasi steady-state impact studies of high photovoltaic generation penetration in power distribution circuits," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 569-583.
    14. Mallol-Poyato, R. & Salcedo-Sanz, S. & Jiménez-Fernández, S. & Díaz-Villar, P., 2015. "Optimal discharge scheduling of energy storage systems in MicroGrids based on hyper-heuristics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 13-24.
    15. Burmester, Daniel & Rayudu, Ramesh & Seah, Winston & Akinyele, Daniel, 2017. "A review of nanogrid topologies and technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 760-775.
    16. Gopalan, Sachit A. & Sreeram, Victor & Iu, Herbert H.C., 2014. "A review of coordination strategies and protection schemes for microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 222-228.
    17. Planas, Estefanía & Gil-de-Muro, Asier & Andreu, Jon & Kortabarria, Iñigo & Martínez de Alegría, Iñigo, 2013. "General aspects, hierarchical controls and droop methods in microgrids: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 147-159.
    18. Patnaik, Bhaskar & Mishra, Manohar & Bansal, Ramesh C. & Jena, Ranjan Kumar, 2020. "AC microgrid protection – A review: Current and future prospective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    19. Bui, Duong Minh & Chen, Shi-Lin & Lien, Keng-Yu & Chang, Yung-Ruei & Lee, Yih-Der & Jiang, Jheng-Lun, 2017. "Investigation on transient behaviours of a uni-grounded low-voltage AC microgrid and evaluation on its available fault protection methods: Review and proposals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1417-1452.
    20. Rezaee Jordehi, Ahmad, 2016. "Allocation of distributed generation units in electric power systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 893-905.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:43:y:2015:i:c:p:726-749. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.