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Exploring the relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission in MENA countries

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  • Al-mulali, Usama
  • Fereidouni, Hassan Gholipour
  • Lee, Janice Y.M.
  • Sab, Che Normee Binti Che

Abstract

This study explored the relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission in the MENA countries. The panel model was utilized taking the period 1980–2009 into consideration. Pedroni cointegration test results showed that urbanization, energy consumption and CO2 emission were cointegrated. The dynamic OLS results also showed that there was a long run bi-directional positive relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission. However, the significance of the long run relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission varied across the countries based on their level of income and development. Moreover, long and short run bi-directional causal relationships were found between the variables based on the Granger causality test results. From the results of this study it is important for the urban planners and policy makers in the MENA countries to slow the rapid increase in urbanization. The level of energy consumption and CO2 emission in the MENA countries increased more than double. Thus slowing down the urbanization level can help reduce the level of pollution and energy consumption. In addition, the increased energy efficiency, implementation of energy savings projects, energy conservation, and energy infrastructure outsourcing reduce the level of pollution produced by urban areas.

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Article provided by Elsevier in its journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

Volume (Year): 23 (2013)
Issue (Month): C ()
Pages: 107-112

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Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:23:y:2013:i:c:p:107-112
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Keywords: Urbanization; Energy consumption; CO2 emission; MENA countries;

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  1. Mrkajic, Vladimir & Vukelic, Djordje & Mihajlov, Andjelka, 2015. "Reduction of CO2 emission and non-environmental co-benefits of bicycle infrastructure provision: the case of the University of Novi Sad, Serbia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 232-242.
  2. Arshian Sharif, Syed Ali Raza, 2016. "Dynamic Relationship between Urbanization, Energy Consumption and Environmental Degradation in Pakistan: Evidence from Structure Break Testing," Journal of Management Sciences, Geist Science, Iqra University, Faculty of Business Administration, vol. 3(1), pages 01-21, March.
  3. Wang, Qiang & Wu, Shi-dai & Zeng, Yue-e & Wu, Bo-wei, 2016. "Exploring the relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in different provinces of China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1563-1579.
  4. Liddle, Brantley & Lung, Sidney, 2013. "Might electricity consumption cause urbanization instead? Evidence from heterogeneous panel long-run causality tests," MPRA Paper 52333, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  5. Ming Zhang & Peng Li, 2015. "Analyzing the impact of urbanization on energy consumption in Jiangsu Province," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 76(1), pages 177-190, March.
  6. Hu, Zongyi & Tang, Liwei, 2013. "Exploring the relation between urbanization and residential CO2 emissions in China: a PTR approach," MPRA Paper 55379, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  7. Ouyang, Xiaoling & Lin, Boqiang, 2015. "An analysis of the driving forces of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in China’s industrial sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 838-849.
  8. Wang, Yuan & Li, Li & Kubota, Jumpei & Han, Rong & Zhu, Xiaodong & Lu, Genfa, 2016. "Does urbanization lead to more carbon emission? Evidence from a panel of BRICS countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 375-380.
  9. Groissböck, Markus & Pickl, Matthias J., 2016. "An analysis of the power market in Saudi Arabia: Retrospective cost and environmental optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 548-558.
  10. Zhou, Yang & Liu, Yansui & Wu, Wenxiang & Li, Yurui, 2015. "Effects of rural–urban development transformation on energy consumption and CO2 emissions: A regional analysis in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 863-875.
  11. Wang, Shaojian & Fang, Chuanglin & Wang, Yang, 2016. "Spatiotemporal variations of energy-related CO2 emissions in China and its influencing factors: An empirical analysis based on provincial panel data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 505-515.
  12. Jie-fang Dong & Qiang Wang & Chun Deng & Xing-min Wang & Xiao-lei Zhang, 2016. "How to Move China toward a Green-Energy Economy: From a Sector Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 8(4), pages 337, April.
  13. Chuyu Xia & Yan Li & Yanmei Ye & Zhou Shi, 2016. "An Integrated Approach to Explore the Relationship Among Economic, Construction Land Use, and Ecology Subsystems in Zhejiang Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 8(5), pages 498, May.
  14. Xie, Yanhua & Weng, Qihao, 2016. "Detecting urban-scale dynamics of electricity consumption at Chinese cities using time-series DMSP-OLS (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System) nighttime light imageries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 177-189.
  15. Wang, Shaojian & Fang, Chuanglin & Guan, Xingliang & Pang, Bo & Ma, Haitao, 2014. "Urbanisation, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions in China: A panel data analysis of China’s provinces," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 738-749.
  16. Achour, Houda & Belloumi, Mounir, 2016. "Investigating the causal relationship between transport infrastructure, transport energy consumption and economic growth in Tunisia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 988-998.

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