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A dynamic risk assessment model to assess the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the sustainability of the biomass supply chain: A case study of a U.S. biofuel industry

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  • Sajid, Zaman

Abstract

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly detrimental, and its death distribution peculiarity has severely affected people’s health and the operations of businesses. COVID-19 has wholly undermined the global economy, including inflicting significant damage to the ever-emerging biomass supply chain; its sustainability is disintegrating due to the coronavirus. The biomass supply chain must be sustainable and robust enough to adapt to the evolving and fluctuating risks of the market due to the coronavirus or any potential future pandemics. However, no such study has been performed so far. To address this issue, investigating how COVID-19 influences a biomass supply chain is vital. This paper presents a dynamic risk assessment methodological framework to model biomass supply chain risks due to COVID-19. Using a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) formalism, the impacts of COVID-19 on the performance of biomass supply chain risks have been studied. The proposed model has been applied to the biomass supply chain of a U.S.-based Mahoney Environmental® company in Washington, USA. The case study results show that it would take one year to recover from the maximum damage to the biomass supply chain due to COVID-19, while full recovery would require five years. Results indicate that biomass feedstock gate availability (FGA) is 2%, due to pandemic and lockdown conditions. Due to the availability of vaccination and gradual business reopenings, this availability increases to 92% in the second year. Results also indicate that the price of fossil-based fuel will gradually increase after one year of the pandemic; however, the market prices of fossil-based fuel will not revert to pre-coronavirus conditions even after nine years. K-fold cross-validation is used to validate the DBN. Results of validation indicate a model accuracy of 95%. It is concluded that the pandemic has caused risks to the sustainability of biomass feedstock, and the current study can help develop risk mitigation strategies.

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  • Sajid, Zaman, 2021. "A dynamic risk assessment model to assess the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the sustainability of the biomass supply chain: A case study of a U.S. biofuel industry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:151:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121008510
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111574
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    1. Haghighi Mood, Sohrab & Hossein Golfeshan, Amir & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Salehi Jouzani, Gholamreza & Najafi, Gholam Hassan & Gholami, Mehdi & Ardjmand, Mehdi, 2013. "Lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol, a comprehensive review with a focus on pretreatment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 77-93.
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    2. Yu, Hongxiang & Wang, Ziqi & Weng, Yudong & Wang, Liying, 2024. "The impact of guarantee network on the risk of corporate stock price crash: Discussing the moderating effect of internal control quality," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PC).
    3. Dao, Uyen & Sajid, Zaman & Khan, Faisal & Zhang, Yahui & Tran, Trung, 2023. "Modeling and analysis of internal corrosion induced failure of oil and gas pipelines," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    4. Biljana Kulisic & Bruno Gagnon & Jörg Schweinle & Sam Van Holsbeeck & Mark Brown & Jurica Simurina & Ioannis Dimitriou & Heather McDonald, 2021. "The Contributions of Biomass Supply for Bioenergy in the Post-COVID-19 Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-31, December.
    5. Sadeghi Darvazeh, Saeed & Mansoori Mooseloo, Farzaneh & Gholian-Jouybari, Fatemeh & Amiri, Maghsoud & Bonakdari, Hossein & Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, Mostafa, 2024. "Data-driven robust optimization to design an integrated sustainable forest biomass-to-electricity network under disjunctive uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    6. Ebrahimi, Sajad & Haji Esmaeili, Seyed Ali & Sobhani, Ahmad & Szmerekovsky, Joseph, 2022. "Renewable jet fuel supply chain network design: Application of direct monetary incentives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    7. Jamalnia, Aboozar & Gong, Yu & Govindan, Kannan & Bourlakis, Michael & Mangla, Sachin Kumar, 2023. "A decision support system for selection and risk management of sustainability governance approaches in multi-tier supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).

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