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Current status of biogas upgrading for direct biomethane use: A review

Author

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  • Khan, Muhammad Usman
  • Lee, Jonathan Tian En
  • Bashir, Muhammad Aamir
  • Dissanayake, Pavani Dulanja
  • Ok, Yong Sik
  • Tong, Yen Wah
  • Shariati, Mohammad Ali
  • Wu, Sarah
  • Ahring, Birgitte Kiaer

Abstract

Anaerobic digestion produces biogas, a mixture of CH4 and CO2, where CH4 is a low cost, environmentally friendly, and renewable energy source. The application of biogas production is increasing rapidly as a means of reducing the pollution impact of organic biomasses. However, biogas contains unwanted elements such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, siloxanes, and carbon dioxide. To remove these elements, several biogas upgrading technologies like water scrubbing, amine scrubbing, pressure swing adsorption, and membrane separation have been developed and are being used at various commercial scales. Problems with these methods are high energy consumption, the use of expensive chemicals, and high operating cost. Therefore, a major effort is currently underway to improve the design of existing methods as well as developing innovative new upgrading technologies such as cryogenic separation and biological upgrading. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the limitations with the existing upgrading technologies along with recent advances in physical, chemical, and biological biogas upgrading technologies (e.g., pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, biochar adsorption and CO2 conversion by biological organisms) and further into possible future solutions, such as hybrid systems. Comparative studies of process complexities and associated economic concerns are also provided, and future perspectives that may facilitate research into sustainable biogas upgrading technologies are discussed, focusing in particular on cryogenic separation, novel biological techniques, biochar based upgrading and hybrid technologies incorporating two or more different methods seamlessly integrated.

Suggested Citation

  • Khan, Muhammad Usman & Lee, Jonathan Tian En & Bashir, Muhammad Aamir & Dissanayake, Pavani Dulanja & Ok, Yong Sik & Tong, Yen Wah & Shariati, Mohammad Ali & Wu, Sarah & Ahring, Birgitte Kiaer, 2021. "Current status of biogas upgrading for direct biomethane use: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:149:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121006298
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111343
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    13. Han, Siyu & Meng, Yuan & Aihemaiti, Aikelaimu & Gao, Yuchen & Ju, Tongyao & Xiang, Honglin & Jiang, Jianguo, 2022. "Biogas upgrading with various single and blended amines solutions: Capacities and kinetics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    14. Krystian Butlewski, 2022. "Concept for Biomass and Organic Waste Refinery Plants Based on the Locally Available Organic Materials in Rural Areas of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, May.
    15. Mohammadpour, Hossein & Cord-Ruwisch, Ralf & Pivrikas, Almantas & Ho, Goen, 2022. "Simple energy-efficient electrochemically-driven CO2 scrubbing for biogas upgrading," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 274-282.
    16. Alessia Amato & Konstantina Tsigkou & Alessandro Becci & Francesca Beolchini & Nicolò M. Ippolito & Francesco Ferella, 2023. "Life Cycle Assessment of Biomethane vs. Fossil Methane Production and Supply," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-18, June.
    17. Yanbo Wang & Boyao Zhi & Shumin Xiang & Guangxin Ren & Yongzhong Feng & Gaihe Yang & Xiaojiao Wang, 2023. "China’s Biogas Industry’s Sustainable Transition to a Low-Carbon Plan—A Socio-Technical Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.
    18. Stolarski, Mariusz J. & Peni, Dumitru & Dębowski, Marcin, 2022. "Biogas potential of cup plant and willow-leaf sunflower biomass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    19. Meng, Fanzhi & Meng, Yuan & Ju, Tongyao & Han, Siyu & Lin, Li & Jiang, Jianguo, 2022. "Research progress of aqueous amine solution for CO2 capture: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    20. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Cimmino, Luca & Dentice d’Accadia, Massimo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2023. "Dynamic analysis and investigation of the thermal transient effects in a CSTR reactor producing biogas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    21. Sinehbaghizadeh, Saeid & Saptoro, Agus & Amjad-Iranagh, Sepideh & Mohammadi, Amir H., 2023. "Understanding the influences of different associated gas impurities and the kinetic modelling of biogas hydrate formation at the molecular scale," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    22. Alberto Benato & Chiara D’Alpaos & Alarico Macor, 2022. "Possible Ways of Extending the Biogas Plants Lifespan after the Feed-In Tariff Expiration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-23, October.
    23. Francesco Zito, Pasquale & Brunetti, Adele & Barbieri, Giuseppe, 2022. "Renewable biomethane production from biogas upgrading via membrane separation: Experimental analysis and multistep configuration design," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 777-787.

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