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Current trend in offshore wind energy sector and material requirements for fatigue resistance improvement in large wind turbine support structures – A review

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  • Igwemezie, Victor
  • Mehmanparast, Ali
  • Kolios, Athanasios

Abstract

At present, the UK government is driving the survival of the wind energy industry by using interventions that encourage investment in the sector. The use of a Contract for Difference (CfD)/Strike price model by the UK government supports the wind industry and guarantees that wind energy generators have a stable premium over a period of 15–20 years; however, this may not last forever. The growth and stability of the wind industry will depend essentially on continued reductions in wind energy cost, even below that of fossil-fuel based energy sources. Huge cost reduction beyond the present strike price of £ 57.50/MWh for some projects to be delivered in 2022/2023 may be achieved quickly through efficient and optimized turbine support structure. Consequently, the offshore wind industry is currently making enormous efforts to upscale wind turbines (WTs) from 8 MW to 9.5MW,10MW and then 12 MW HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine). This level of upscaling no doubt creates tough challenges because the mass of the turbine increases linearly with the cube of the rotor radius. Monopiles having diameters larger than 7 m have been proposed, with a wall thickness section in the range of 70–110 mm. It is generally thought that Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process (TMCP) steels are well suited for extra-large (XL-WTs). This paper reviews the present status of WTs and critically assesses the material factors in the structural integrity concerns that may confront the use of XL steel plates in the design of XL-WT support structures.

Suggested Citation

  • Igwemezie, Victor & Mehmanparast, Ali & Kolios, Athanasios, 2019. "Current trend in offshore wind energy sector and material requirements for fatigue resistance improvement in large wind turbine support structures – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 181-196.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:101:y:2019:i:c:p:181-196
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.002
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    1. Silvio Rodrigues & Carlos Restrepo & George Katsouris & Rodrigo Teixeira Pinto & Maryam Soleimanzadeh & Peter Bosman & Pavol Bauer, 2016. "A Multi-Objective Optimization Framework for Offshore Wind Farm Layouts and Electric Infrastructures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-42, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Martinez, A. & Iglesias, G., 2022. "Mapping of the levelised cost of energy for floating offshore wind in the European Atlantic," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    2. de N Santos, Francisco & D’Antuono, Pietro & Robbelein, Koen & Noppe, Nymfa & Weijtjens, Wout & Devriendt, Christof, 2023. "Long-term fatigue estimation on offshore wind turbines interface loads through loss function physics-guided learning of neural networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 461-474.
    3. Xu, Jiuping & Liu, Tingting, 2020. "Technological paradigm-based approaches towards challenges and policy shifts for sustainable wind energy development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    4. Alexandre Mathern & Christoph von der Haar & Steffen Marx, 2021. "Concrete Support Structures for Offshore Wind Turbines: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-31, April.
    5. Janusz D. Fidelus & Jacek Puchalski & Anna Trych-Wildner & Michał K. Urbański & Paula Weidinger, 2023. "Estimation of Uncertainty for the Torque Transducer in MNm Range—Classical Approach and Fuzzy Sets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-20, August.
    6. Zhou, Yuekuan, 2023. "Sustainable energy sharing districts with electrochemical battery degradation in design, planning, operation and multi-objective optimisation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1324-1341.
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    8. Ju, Shen-Haw, 2022. "Increasing the fatigue life of offshore wind turbine jacket structures using yaw stiffness and damping," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    9. Darioush Razmi & Tianguang Lu, 2022. "A Literature Review of the Control Challenges of Distributed Energy Resources Based on Microgrids (MGs): Past, Present and Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    10. Akbari, Negar & Jones, Dylan & Treloar, Richard, 2020. "A cross-European efficiency assessment of offshore wind farms: A DEA approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 1186-1195.
    11. Wang, L. & Kolios, A. & Liu, X. & Venetsanos, D. & Rui, C., 2022. "Reliability of offshore wind turbine support structures: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    12. De Angelis, Paolo & Tuninetti, Marta & Bergamasco, Luca & Calianno, Luca & Asinari, Pietro & Laio, Francesco & Fasano, Matteo, 2021. "Data-driven appraisal of renewable energy potentials for sustainable freshwater production in Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    13. Li, Chen & Mogollón, José M. & Tukker, Arnold & Dong, Jianning & von Terzi, Dominic & Zhang, Chunbo & Steubing, Bernhard, 2022. "Future material requirements for global sustainable offshore wind energy development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    14. Alessio Castorrini & Paolo Venturini & Aldo Bonfiglioli, 2022. "Generation of Surface Maps of Erosion Resistance for Wind Turbine Blades under Rain Flows," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-14, August.
    15. Jian Zhang & Guo-Kai Yuan & Songye Zhu & Quan Gu & Shitang Ke & Jinghua Lin, 2022. "Seismic Analysis of 10 MW Offshore Wind Turbine with Large-Diameter Monopile in Consideration of Seabed Liquefaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-31, March.

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