IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v258y2026ics0960148125027065.html

A Comprehensive Examination of the Impact of Income and Subtypes of Energy and Waste-Related Patents on Waste Sector Emissions in the USA through Marginal Impact Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik
  • Mukhtarov, Shahriyar
  • Huseynova, Rena
  • Ayhan, Fatih

Abstract

This research examines waste sector emissions in a high-income country, given their critical importance. In this context, the study examines the USA, considers waste sector methane (WCH4) emissions as the main variable and waste sector greenhouse gas (WGHG) emissions for robustness, uses waste-related patent subtypes, income, and energy consumption (EC) as explanatory variables, and performs a kernel regularized least squares (KRLS) model on data between 1990 and 2021. The outcomes suggest that (i) income declines waste sector emissions across lower and middle (0.25th & 0.50th) percentiles; (ii) nuclear EC has a negative impact on waste sector emissions, whereas it is not valid for renewable and fossil EC; (iii) with some exceptions (e.g., fuel from waste at 0.75th percentiles), waste-related patent subtypes have a negative impact on waste sector emissions; (iv) among all, patents for solid waste management has the highest negative impact; (v) the robustness of the empirical outcomes is validated; (vi) the KRLS model explains 97.82 % variations of waste sector emissions. In sum, the research proves the differentiating impact of the factors on waste sector emissions across percentiles in the USA. Thus, the study discusses various policy implications that can help to reduce waste sector emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Mukhtarov, Shahriyar & Huseynova, Rena & Ayhan, Fatih, 2026. "A Comprehensive Examination of the Impact of Income and Subtypes of Energy and Waste-Related Patents on Waste Sector Emissions in the USA through Marginal Impact Analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:258:y:2026:i:c:s0960148125027065
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.125042
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148125027065
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2025.125042?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Stern, David I., 2004. "The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 1419-1439, August.
    2. Sinha, Avik & Ghosh, Vinit & Hussain, Nazim & Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Das, Narasingha, 2023. "Green financing of renewable energy generation: Capturing the role of exogenous moderation for ensuring sustainable development," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    3. Jayanthi R Alaganthiran & Santha Chenayah & Rajah Rasiah, 2024. "Evaluating the role of combustible renewable and waste in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the long run in Malaysia," African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(5), pages 702-718, July.
    4. Hainmueller, Jens & Hazlett, Chad, 2014. "Kernel Regularized Least Squares: Reducing Misspecification Bias with a Flexible and Interpretable Machine Learning Approach," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 22(2), pages 143-168, April.
    5. Su, Mengying & Yang, Zhongyu & Abbas, Shujaat & Bilan, Yuriy & Majewska, Agnieszka, 2023. "Toward enhancing environmental quality in OECD countries: Role of municipal waste, renewable energy, environmental innovation, and environmental policy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 975-984.
    6. Mustafa Tevfik Kartal & Shahriyar Mukhtarov & Özer Depren & Fatih Ayhan & Talat Ulussever, 2025. "How Can SDG‐13 Be Achieved by Energy, Environment, and Economy‐Related Policies? Evidence From Five Leading Emerging Countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(4), pages 5110-5133, August.
    7. Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Magazzino, Cosimo & Taşkın, Dilvin & Depren, Özer & Ayhan, Fatih, 2025. "Efficiency of green bond, clean energy, oil price, and geopolitical risk on sectoral decarbonization: Evidence from the globe by daily data and marginal effect analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 392(C).
    8. Shahriyar Mukhtarov & Sugra Humbatova & Mubariz Mammadli & Natig Gadim‒Oglu Hajiyev, 2021. "The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on National Income: Evidence from Azerbaijan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-11, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Santosh, M. & Taşkın, Dilvin & Kılıç Depren, Serpil & Ayhan, Fatih, 2025. "Impact of productive capacity shifts, energy-related R&D investments, energy use, and income on environmental degradation: Evidence from leading developed countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    2. Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Magazzino, Cosimo & Taşkın, Dilvin & Depren, Özer & Ayhan, Fatih, 2025. "Efficiency of green bond, clean energy, oil price, and geopolitical risk on sectoral decarbonization: Evidence from the globe by daily data and marginal effect analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 392(C).
    3. Caravaggio, Nicola, 2020. "Economic growth and the forest development path: A theoretical re-assessment of the environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    4. Mustafa Tevfik Kartal & Dilvin Taşkın, 2026. "Impact of supply chain logistics and green transportation on green economics under green finance, oil price shocks, and geopolitical risk: evidence from the globe via novel quantile methods," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 12(1), pages 1-25, December.
    5. Andrée, Bo Pieter Johannes & Chamorro, Andres & Spencer, Phoebe & Koomen, Eric & Dogo, Harun, 2019. "Revisiting the relation between economic growth and the environment; a global assessment of deforestation, pollution and carbon emission," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Zhang, Wei & Han, Jie & Kuang, Shiyi & Işık, Cem & Su, Ya & Ju Lai Ti, Gu Li Ni Ga Er & Li, Su & Xia, Zebang & Muhammad, Anas, 2024. "Exploring the impact of sustainable finance on carbon emissions: Policy implications and interactions with low-carbon energy transition from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    7. Arsani Alina & Stefan George, 2024. "Energy Transition and European Sub-Models. Restructuring EU Economy," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo, vol. 18(1), pages 86-101.
    8. George S. Chen & Emmanuel Kwaku Manu & Dennis Asante, 2023. "Achieving environmental sustainability in Africa: The role of financial institutions development on carbon emissions," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(5), pages 3272-3290, October.
    9. Fujii, Hidemichi & Managi, Shunsuke, 2013. "Which industry is greener? An empirical study of nine industries in OECD countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 381-388.
    10. Song, Tao & Zheng, Tingguo & Tong, Lianjun, 2008. "An empirical test of the environmental Kuznets curve in China: A panel cointegration approach," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 381-392, September.
    11. Kaika, Dimitra & Zervas, Efthimios, 2013. "The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) theory. Part B: Critical issues," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1403-1411.
    12. Touitou Mohammed, 2021. "Empirical Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve for Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions in North African Countries," Econometrics. Advances in Applied Data Analysis, Sciendo, vol. 25(2), pages 67-77, June.
    13. Yue, Shen & Munir, Irfan Ullah & Hyder, Shabir & Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Qazi Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin & Zaman, Khalid, 2020. "Sustainable food production, forest biodiversity and mineral pricing: Interconnected global issues," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    14. Esposito, Piero & Patriarca, Fabrizio & Salvati, Luca, 2018. "Tertiarization and land use change: The case of Italy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 80-86.
    15. Francesco Nicolli & Francesco Vona & Lionel Nesta, 2012. "Determinants of Renewable Energy Innovation: Environmental Policies vs. Market Regulation," Working Papers 201204, University of Ferrara, Department of Economics.
    16. Wen, Chen & Xing, Yuhang & Wang, Tao & Liao, Sheng & Gao, Ke, 2025. "How do green supply chain management and renewable energy consumption influence carbon emissions in China and India? A comparative analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    17. Cheng Li & Shiguo Deng & Yangzhou Li & Liping Zhu, 2025. "Green Transportation-Enabled High-Quality Economic Development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: Regional Disparities and Dynamic Characteristics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-24, June.
    18. Honma, Satoshi, 2012. "Environmental and economic efficiencies in the Asia-Pacific region," MPRA Paper 43361, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Sebri, Maamar, 2009. "La Zone Méditerranéenne Face à la Pollution de L’air : Une Investigation Econométrique [The Mediterranean Zone in front of Air pollution: an Econometric Investigation]," MPRA Paper 32382, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Sinha, Avik & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2018. "Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 emission: Role of renewable energy generation in India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 703-711.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:258:y:2026:i:c:s0960148125027065. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.