Characterizing in-stream turbulent flow for tidal energy converter siting in Cook Inlet, Alaska

We implemented a regional-scale, 3D hydrodynamic modeling framework in Cook Inlet, Alaska to predict tidal current and turbulence characteristics that can assist Tidal Energy Converter (TEC) designers and project managers. We validated the model results using various datasets collected with bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers and velocimeters. The comparison between the model outputs and observational data highlighted the effectiveness of the 3D FVCOM model and the Mellor–Yamada Level 2.5 Turbulence Model in accurately assessing macro-scale kinetic energy, turbulence intensity, and the production and dissipation rates at a prospective TEC site. Using two months of model simulation data, we examined the channel cross-section for TEC deployment, focusing on undisturbed power density and macro-scale turbulent properties. Our findings indicate that understanding the turbulence characteristics and flow properties can enhance Stage I/II resource characterization by identifying optimal locations for TECs and their layouts within the channel. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TEC designers can utilize macro-scale turbulence data from 3D coastal models as boundary conditions for other turbulence models, allowing for a more detailed resolution of the turbulence structure at TEC siting locations. Ultimately, this work emphasizes the importance of estimating flow and turbulence conditions in energetic systems to understand turbulent sites better and improve resource characterization.