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Applicability of linear models in modeling dynamic behavior of alkaline water electrolyzer stack

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  • Järvinen, Lauri
  • Puranen, Pietari
  • Ruuskanen, Vesa
  • Kosonen, Antti
  • Ahola, Jero
  • Kauranen, Pertti

Abstract

Linear equivalent circuit models are commonly used to estimate the effect of current ripple on the performance of water electrolyzers, thus it is important that the validity of this approach is examined. The effect of the amplitude and frequency of the sinusoidal current ripple on the performance of the alkaline water electrolyzer stack is studied experimentally. The increased current ripple amplitude produces additional losses in the electrolyzer stack, while the effect of ripple frequency appears to be insignificant. Linear models based on an equivalent circuit and polarization curve tangent are compared with waveform measurements with differing ripple amplitudes and frequencies to study their dynamic modeling capabilities. Under dynamic operation the experimental results show that operating voltage differs considerably from the static polarization curve, especially at low operating currents, due to nonlinear behavior. It is also shown that the dynamic equivalent circuit model using only linear components is not enough to accurately model electrolyzer behavior under dynamic operation.

Suggested Citation

  • Järvinen, Lauri & Puranen, Pietari & Ruuskanen, Vesa & Kosonen, Antti & Ahola, Jero & Kauranen, Pertti, 2024. "Applicability of linear models in modeling dynamic behavior of alkaline water electrolyzer stack," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:232:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124011571
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121089
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Speckmann, Friedrich-W. & Bintz, Steffen & Birke, Kai Peter, 2019. "Influence of rectifiers on the energy demand and gas quality of alkaline electrolysis systems in dynamic operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 855-863.
    2. Koponen, Joonas & Ruuskanen, Vesa & Hehemann, Michael & Rauls, Edward & Kosonen, Antti & Ahola, Jero & Stolten, Detlef, 2020. "Effect of power quality on the design of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    3. Martinez Lopez, V.A. & Ziar, H. & Haverkort, J.W. & Zeman, M. & Isabella, O., 2023. "Dynamic operation of water electrolyzers: A review for applications in photovoltaic systems integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
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    1. Sadiq, Muhammad & Mayyas, Ahmad & Wei, Max, 2025. "A standardized parametric framework for techno-economic analysis of renewable and clean energy systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    2. Tang, Yuzhen & Zheng, Zhuoqun & Min, Fanqi & Xie, Jingying & Yang, Hengzhao, 2025. "An optimization framework for component sizing and energy management of hybrid electrolyzer systems considering physical characteristics of alkaline electrolyzers and proton exchange membrane electrol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).

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