IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v181y2022icp765-785.html

Stability and optimal forcing analysis of a wind turbine wake: Comparison with POD

Author

Listed:
  • De Cillis, Giovanni
  • Cherubini, Stefania
  • Semeraro, Onofrio
  • Leonardi, Stefano
  • De Palma, Pietro

Abstract

Understanding the dynamics and generation of coherent structures in wind-turbine wakes is crucial for efficiency improvement of wind farms, which will most probably represent one of the main renewable power generation sources in 2050. In this paper, we investigate the origin of such coherent structures by performing modal and non-modal stability analysis of the mean flow downstream of a wind-turbine rotor. The database consists of large-eddy-simulation results. Bi-local linear-stability and optimal-forcing analyses are performed at several wake's cross-sections. The most unstable perturbations are compared with the most energetic coherent structures recovered by the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis, showing a good agreement close to the rotor. Further downstream, these modes are overtaken by others with wavenumbers departing from those of the main POD modes. However, optimal-forcing analysis shows that asymptotically stable modes can be amplified by more than one order of magnitude via quasi-resonance mechanisms, bypassing the growth of the most unstable modes in the far wake. This suggests that the most energetic structures are originated by modal instabilities, which trigger quasi-resonance mechanisms in the far wake, determining the emergence of specific frequencies in the turbulent flow. These findings are crucial for designing efficient control systems to optimize wind farm performance.

Suggested Citation

  • De Cillis, Giovanni & Cherubini, Stefania & Semeraro, Onofrio & Leonardi, Stefano & De Palma, Pietro, 2022. "Stability and optimal forcing analysis of a wind turbine wake: Comparison with POD," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 765-785.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:181:y:2022:i:c:p:765-785
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.025
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148121013240
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2021.09.025?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Bastine & Björn Witha & Matthias Wächter & Joachim Peinke, 2015. "Towards a Simplified DynamicWake Model Using POD Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-26, January.
    2. Xiaolei Yang & Fotis Sotiropoulos, 2019. "A Review on the Meandering of Wind Turbine Wakes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Krogstad, Per-Åge & Eriksen, Pål Egil, 2013. "“Blind test” calculations of the performance and wake development for a model wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 325-333.
    4. Ryan Wiser & Joseph Rand & Joachim Seel & Philipp Beiter & Erin Baker & Eric Lantz & Patrick Gilman, 2021. "Expert elicitation survey predicts 37% to 49% declines in wind energy costs by 2050," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(5), pages 555-565, May.
    5. David Bastine & Lukas Vollmer & Matthias Wächter & Joachim Peinke, 2018. "Stochastic Wake Modelling Based on POD Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-29, March.
    6. Esteban Ferrer & Oliver M.F. Browne & Eusebio Valero, 2017. "Sensitivity Analysis to Control the Far-Wake Unsteadiness Behind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-21, October.
    7. Umberto Ciri & Giovandomenico Petrolo & Maria Vittoria Salvetti & Stefano Leonardi, 2017. "Large-Eddy Simulations of Two In-Line Turbines in a Wind Tunnel with Different Inflow Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-23, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. De Cillis, Giovanni & Semeraro, Onofrio & Leonardi, Stefano & De Palma, Pietro & Cherubini, Stefania, 2022. "Dynamic-mode-decomposition of the wake of the NREL-5MW wind turbine impinged by a laminar inflow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1-10.
    2. Ye, Maokun & Chen, Hamn-Ching & Koop, Arjen, 2023. "High-fidelity CFD simulations for the wake characteristics of the NTNU BT1 wind turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    3. Zhang, Shaohai & Gao, Xiaoxia & Ma, Wanli & Lu, Hongkun & Lv, Tao & Xu, Shinai & Zhu, Xiaoxun & Sun, Haiying & Wang, Yu, 2023. "Derivation and verification of three-dimensional wake model of multiple wind turbines based on super-Gaussian function," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xiaolei Yang & Daniel Foti & Christopher Kelley & David Maniaci & Fotis Sotiropoulos, 2020. "Wake Statistics of Different-Scale Wind Turbines under Turbulent Boundary Layer Inflow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Feng, Dachuan & Gupta, Vikrant & Li, Larry K.B. & Wan, Minping, 2024. "An improved dynamic model for wind-turbine wake flow," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    3. Veisi, Amin Allah & Shafiei Mayam, Mohammad Hossein, 2017. "Effects of blade rotation direction in the wake region of two in-line turbines using Large Eddy Simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 375-392.
    4. Della Posta, Giacomo & Leonardi, Stefano & Bernardini, Matteo, 2022. "A two-way coupling method for the study of aeroelastic effects in large wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 971-992.
    5. Thé, Jesse & Yu, Hesheng, 2017. "A critical review on the simulations of wind turbine aerodynamics focusing on hybrid RANS-LES methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 257-289.
    6. Arnaiz del Pozo, Carlos & Cloete, Schalk & Jiménez Álvaro, Ángel, 2024. "Techno-economic assessment of integrated NH3-power co-production with CCS and energy storage in an LNG regasification terminal," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    7. Lee, Hakjin & Lee, Duck-Joo, 2020. "Low Reynolds number effects on aerodynamic loads of a small scale wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 1283-1293.
    8. David Bastine & Lukas Vollmer & Matthias Wächter & Joachim Peinke, 2018. "Stochastic Wake Modelling Based on POD Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-29, March.
    9. Zhang, Zhihao & Yang, Haoran & Wang, Runzhong & Zhang, Kai & Zhou, Dai & Zhu, Hongbo & Zhang, Puyang & Han, Zhaolong & Cao, Yong & Tu, Jiahuang, 2025. "Effects of combined platform rotation and pitch motions on aerodynamic loading and wake recovery of a single-point moored twin-rotor floating wind turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    10. Li, Xiao & Liu, Pan & Feng, Maoyuan & Jordaan, Sarah M. & Cheng, Lei & Ming, Bo & Chen, Jie & Xie, Kang & Liu, Weibo, 2024. "Energy transition paradox: Solar and wind growth can hinder decarbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    11. Mian, H.H. & Messmer, T. & Stoevesandt, B. & Siddiqui, M.S., 2025. "Coherent flow structures in the wake of a model floating wind turbine under pitch and roll motions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    12. Rockel, Stanislav & Peinke, Joachim & Hölling, Michael & Cal, Raúl Bayoán, 2017. "Dynamic wake development of a floating wind turbine in free pitch motion subjected to turbulent inflow generated with an active grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1-16.
    13. Cheng, Zhi & Lien, Fue-Sang & Yee, Eugene & Meng, Hang, 2022. "A unified framework for aeroacoustics simulation of wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 299-319.
    14. Parkison, Sara B. & Kempton, Willett, 2022. "Marshaling ports required to meet US policy targets for offshore wind power," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    15. Junjie Zhou & Chen‐Nan Liao & Ying‐Ju Chen, 2023. "Optimal selling scheme in social networks: hierarchical signaling, sequential selling, and chain structure," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 32(7), pages 2138-2153, July.
    16. Sara C. Pryor & Jacob J. Coburn & Rebecca J. Barthelmie, 2025. "Spatiotemporal Variability in Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Erosion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-22, January.
    17. Jiufa Cao & Weijun Zhu & Xinbo Wu & Tongguang Wang & Haoran Xu, 2018. "An Aero-acoustic Noise Distribution Prediction Methodology for Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, December.
    18. Zhaobin Li & Xiaohao Liu & Xiaolei Yang, 2022. "Review of Turbine Parameterization Models for Large-Eddy Simulation of Wind Turbine Wakes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-28, September.
    19. Zarah Thiel & Reza Fazeli & Frank Jotzo & Andreas Löschel, 2025. "Clean Hydrogen Pathways: Expert Projections from Australia and Implications for the World," CESifo Working Paper Series 12161, CESifo.
    20. Yang, Lingyu & Zhang, Jing & Li, Xinbei & Zhu, Nenggao & Liu, Yu, 2024. "The moderating effect of emission reduction policies on CCS mitigation efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 376(PB).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:181:y:2022:i:c:p:765-785. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.