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Optimization studies on cellulase and xylanase production by Rhizopus oryzae UC2 using raw oil palm frond leaves as substrate under solid state fermentation

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  • Ezeilo, Uchenna R.
  • Wahab, Roswanira Abdul
  • Mahat, Naji Arafat

Abstract

Increasing energy demands call for sustainable alternative sources. Solid state fermentation (SSF) of raw oil palm frond leaves (OPFL) as the substrate to produce extracellular cellulases and xylanase by a novel Rhizopus oryzae UC2 (GenBank accession no. MF767597) was optimized. Optimum SSF conditions (30 °C, 40% moisture content, 2.0 × 108 spores/g inoculum size) yielded the maximum carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) (94.68 U/g), filter paperase (FPase) (25.46 U/g), β-glucosidase (145.47 U/g) and xylanase (213.99 U/g) activities, showing a broad pH range of between 6.0 and 12.0. Proteome analysis of crude enzyme cocktail revealed three β-glucosidases, as well as one endo-β-1,4-glucanase, exoglanase and endo-β-1,4-xylanase each. Activities of the enzyme complex were maximal at an acidic pH and temperature that ranged between pH 3.0–5.0 and 50–60 °C, respectively. In situ hydrolysis of OPFL released various concentrations of sugars viz. glucose (26.74 mg/g), xylose (1.44 mg/g), fructose (50.8 mg/g) and cellobiose (58.31 mg/g). Moreover, CMCase, FPase, β-glucosidase and xylanase exhibited half-lives of 5.13, 1.48, 18.81, 9.23 h when incubated at 60 °C, respectively. Thus, the desirable qualities of R. oryzae UC2 seen here supported its prospective biocatalytic role for timely and safe production of digestible carbohydrates from agro-industrial biomass for the subsequent biotransformation into biofuel.

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  • Ezeilo, Uchenna R. & Wahab, Roswanira Abdul & Mahat, Naji Arafat, 2020. "Optimization studies on cellulase and xylanase production by Rhizopus oryzae UC2 using raw oil palm frond leaves as substrate under solid state fermentation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 1301-1312.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:156:y:2020:i:c:p:1301-1312
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.149
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    6. Noraziah Abu Yazid & Raquel Barrena & Dimitrios Komilis & Antoni Sánchez, 2017. "Solid-State Fermentation as a Novel Paradigm for Organic Waste Valorization: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-28, February.
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    1. Rosen, Yan & Mamane, Hadas & Gerchman, Yoram, 2021. "Immersed ozonation of agro-wastes as an effective pretreatment method in bioethanol production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 382-390.
    2. Bhattacharya, Raikamal & Arora, Sidharth & Ghosh, Sanjoy, 2022. "Utilization of waste pine needles for the production of cellulolytic enzymes in a solid state fermentation bioreactor and high calorific value fuel pellets from fermented residue: Towards a biorefiner," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1064-1076.

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