IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jbrese/v141y2022icp433-447.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

At the intersection of tourism social entrepreneurship and empathy: Development and validation of an empathy scale

Author

Listed:
  • Sharifi-Tehrani, Mohammad
  • Seyfi, Siamak
  • Zaman, Mustafeed

Abstract

The main purpose of the present study is to develop and validate a theoretically sound and empirically rigorous measure of cultural empathy, entitled Tourism Social Entrepreneurial Scale of Ethnocultural Empathy (abbreviated as TSE-SEE). To this end, both qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection and analysis were employed based on four complementary and independent studies and samples (total n = 1182) from different sectors of the tourism industry. The final refined TSE-EES encompasses 25 items and four dimensions. The results demonstrated the validity and reliability of the TSE-SSE in China, Iran, and Poland. The TSE-SEE can be considered, among others, a diagnostic instrument for evaluating the impact of social entrepreneurship education programs and its application may prove effective means of developing emotional skills in the field of tourism social entrepreneurship.

Suggested Citation

  • Sharifi-Tehrani, Mohammad & Seyfi, Siamak & Zaman, Mustafeed, 2022. "At the intersection of tourism social entrepreneurship and empathy: Development and validation of an empathy scale," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 433-447.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:141:y:2022:i:c:p:433-447
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.041
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296321008481
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.041?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ruvio, Ayalla A. & Shoham, Aviv, 2016. "Consumer arrogance: Scale development and validation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 3989-3997.
    2. Piha, Lamprini & Papadas, Karolos & Davvetas, Vasileios, 2021. "Brand orientation: Conceptual extension, scale development and validation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 203-222.
    3. Esfandiar, Kourosh & Sharifi-Tehrani, Mohamad & Pratt, Stephen & Altinay, Levent, 2019. "Understanding entrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 172-182.
    4. Kai Hockerts, 2017. "Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 41(1), pages 105-130, January.
    5. Marine Wulleman & Marek Hudon, 2015. "Models of social entrepreneurship: empirical evidence from Mexico," Working Papers CEB 15-024, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    6. Altinay, Levent & Sigala, Marianna & Waligo, Victoria, 2016. "Social value creation through tourism enterprise," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 404-417.
    7. Canestrino, Rossella & Ćwiklicki, Marek & Magliocca, Pierpaolo & Pawełek, Barbara, 2020. "Understanding social entrepreneurship: A cultural perspective in business research," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 132-143.
    8. Chatterjee, Ira & Cornelissen, Joep & Wincent, Joakim, 2021. "Social entrepreneurship and values work: The role of practices in shaping values and negotiating change," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(1).
    9. Nuria Toledano, 2020. "Promoting Ethical Reflection in the Teaching of Social Entrepreneurship: A Proposal Using Religious Parables," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 164(1), pages 115-132, June.
    10. Zahra, Shaker A. & Gedajlovic, Eric & Neubaum, Donald O. & Shulman, Joel M., 2009. "A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 519-532, September.
    11. Rietveld, C.A. & van Burg, E., 2013. "Religious beliefs and entrepreneurship among Dutch protestants," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2013-015-STR, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    12. Garry Bruton & Susanna Khavul & Donald Siegel & Mike Wright, 2015. "New Financial Alternatives in Seeding Entrepreneurship: Microfinance, Crowdfunding, and Peer–to–Peer Innovations," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(1), pages 9-26, January.
    13. Jahanvi, Jahanvi & Sharma, Meenakshi, 2021. "Brand respect: Conceptualization, scale development and validation," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 115-123.
    14. Zaremohzzabieh, Zeinab & Ahrari, Seyedali & Krauss, Steven Eric & Samah, Asnarulkhadi Abu & Meng, Lee Kwan & Ariffin, Zaifunizam, 2019. "Predicting social entrepreneurial intention: A meta-analytic path analysis based on the theory of planned behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 264-276.
    15. Hayfaa A. Tlaiss & Maura McAdam, 2021. "Unexpected Lives: The Intersection of Islam and Arab Women’s Entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 171(2), pages 253-272, June.
    16. Henry Kaiser, 1974. "An index of factorial simplicity," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 31-36, March.
    17. Fetscherin, Marc & Stephano, Renee-Marie, 2016. "The medical tourism index: Scale development and validation," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 539-556.
    18. Ford, John B. & Merchant, Altaf & Bartier, Anne-Laure & Friedman, Mike, 2018. "The cross-cultural scale development process: The case of brand-evoked nostalgia in Belgium and the United States," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 19-29.
    19. Kasim, Azilah & Al-Gahuri, Hussein Abdulqader, 2015. "Overcoming challenges in qualitative inquiry within a conservative society," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 124-129.
    20. Johanna Mair & Ernesto Noboa, 2006. "Social Entrepreneurship: How Intentions to Create a Social Venture are Formed," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Johanna Mair & Jeffrey Robinson & Kai Hockerts (ed.), Social Entrepreneurship, chapter 8, pages 121-135, Palgrave Macmillan.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Anthony Igwe & Anastasia Ogbo & Emmanuel Agbaeze & James Abugu & Charity Ezenwakwelu & Henry Okwo, 2020. "Self-Efficacy and Subjective Norms as Moderators in the Networking Competence–Social Entrepreneurial Intentions Link," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(3), pages 21582440209, July.
    2. Shehnaz Tehseen & Syed Arslan Haider, 2021. "Impact of Universities’ Partnerships on Students’ Sustainable Entrepreneurship Intentions: A Comparative Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Kaushik, Vineet & Tewari, Shobha & Sahasranamam, Sreevas & Hota, Pradeep Kumar, 2023. "Towards a precise understanding of social entrepreneurship: An integrated bibliometric–machine learning based review and research agenda," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    4. Chandra, Yanto & Tjiptono, Fandy & Setyawan, Andhy, 2021. "The promise of entrepreneurial passion to advance social entrepreneurship research," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    5. To, Chester K.M. & Guaita Martínez, José Manuel & Orero-Blat, Maria & Chau, K.P., 2020. "Predicting motivational outcomes in social entrepreneurship: Roles of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and situational fit," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 209-222.
    6. Adélie Ranville & Marcos Barros, 2022. "Towards Normative Theories of Social Entrepreneurship. A Review of the Top Publications of the Field," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 180(2), pages 407-438, October.
    7. Conger, Michael & McMullen, Jeffery S. & Bergman, Brian J. & York, Jeffrey G., 2018. "Category membership, identity control, and the reevaluation of prosocial opportunities," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 179-206.
    8. Philipp Kruse, 2020. "Can there only be one? – an empirical comparison of four models on social entrepreneurial intention formation," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 641-665, June.
    9. Nosheena Yasir & Nasir Mahmood & Hafiz Shakir Mehmood & Muhammad Babar & Muhammad Irfan & An Liren, 2021. "Impact of Environmental, Social Values and the Consideration of Future Consequences for the Development of a Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, March.
    10. Yanto Chandra & Qian Jin, 2023. "Winning the Heart and Shaping the Mind with “Serious Play”: The Efficacy of Social Entrepreneurship Comics as Ethical Business Pedagogy," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 188(3), pages 441-465, December.
    11. Petra Dickel & Monika Sienknecht & Jacob Hörisch, 2021. "The early bird catches the worm: an empirical analysis of imprinting in social entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(2), pages 127-150, March.
    12. Aquino, Richard S., 2022. "Community change through tourism social entrepreneurship," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    13. Ignacio Alvarez de Mon & Jorge Merladet & Margarita Núñez-Canal, 2021. "Social Entrepreneurs as Role Models for Innovative Professional Career Developments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-19, November.
    14. Najmul Hoda & Naim Ahmad & Shankar Lal Gupta & Mohammad Mahtab Alam & Irfan Ahmad, 2021. "Application of Entrepreneurial Intention Model in Comparative International Entrepreneurship Research: A Cross-Cultural Study of India and Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-23, December.
    15. Pradeep Kumar Hota, 2023. "Tracing the Intellectual Evolution of Social Entrepreneurship Research: Past Advances, Current Trends, and Future Directions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 182(3), pages 637-659, January.
    16. Hota, Pradeep Kumar & Bhatt, Babita & Qureshi, Israr, 2023. "Institutional work to navigate ethical dilemmas: Evidence from a social enterprise," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 38(1).
    17. Olawale Fatoki, 2019. "Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in South Africa," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 10(6), pages 72-80.
    18. Sorin I. Blaga, 2020. "A Review Of Romanian Social Entrepreneurship And Further Research Agenda," Romanian Economic Business Review, Romanian-American University, vol. 15(4), pages 7-24, december.
    19. Moriah Meyskens & Colleen Robb–Post & Jeffrey A. Stamp & Alan L. Carsrud & Paul D. Reynolds, 2010. "Social Ventures from a Resource–Based Perspective: An Exploratory Study Assessing Global Ashoka Fellows," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 34(4), pages 661-680, July.
    20. Frederik Claeyé & Yosra Boughattas & Erno T. Tornikoski, 2022. "Formation of Social Entrepreneurial Intention: A Qualitative Grounded Approach at the Base of the Pyramid," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:141:y:2022:i:c:p:433-447. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbusres .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.