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Contingent and noncontingent social rewards and punishments from leaders: do US and Japanese subordinates make comparable distinctions?

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  • Peng, T. K.
  • Peterson, M. F.

Abstract

Both Japanese and American subordinates distinguish performance contingent from noncontingent rewards and punishments, but they do so in subtly different ways. Data using Podsakoff's leadership scale were collected from local government supervisory and professional staff in three US and one Japanese city. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicate that differences among the three US samples are smaller than those between the pooled US and Japanese samples. The US factor structure is generally consistent with prior research. However, the Japanese factor structure indicates that these respondents interpret various noncontingent punishments items as either: (1) a lack of contingent rewards; (2) an expression of contingent punishment; or (3) an extension of noncontingent rewards.

Suggested Citation

  • Peng, T. K. & Peterson, M. F., 1998. "Contingent and noncontingent social rewards and punishments from leaders: do US and Japanese subordinates make comparable distinctions?," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 69-87, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:iburev:v:7:y:1998:i:1:p:69-87
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Uma Sekaran, 1983. "Methodological and Theoretical Issues and Advancements in Cross-Cultural Research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 14(2), pages 61-73, June.
    2. Michael R Mullen, 1995. "Diagnosing Measurement Equivalence in Cross-National Research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 26(3), pages 573-596, September.
    3. Jiing-Lih Farh & Philip M Podsakoff & Bor-Shiuan Cheng, 1987. "Culture-Free Leadership Effectiveness Versus Moderators of Leadership Behavior: An Extension and Test of Kerr and Jermier's “Substitutes for Leadership” Model in Taiwan," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 18(3), pages 43-60, September.
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