IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finlet/v18y2016icp226-233.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Risk-based explanation for the country-level size and value effects

Author

Listed:
  • Zaremba, Adam

Abstract

The present study provides a risk-based explanation for the country-level size and value effects. The research demonstrates that the small-country effect is fully explained by cross-sectional variation in the country risk. Furthermore, accounting for the country risk decreases the alphas on value strategies by approximately 30%, making them statistically insignificant. The results are robust to the affect of taxes on dividends, alternative risk measures, and changes in sorting variables used to implement the strategies examined. The phenomenon is particularly pronounced in emerging markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Zaremba, Adam, 2016. "Risk-based explanation for the country-level size and value effects," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 226-233.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:18:y:2016:i:c:p:226-233
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2016.04.020
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612316300617
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.frl.2016.04.020?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Harrison Hong & Terence Lim & Jeremy C. Stein, 2000. "Bad News Travels Slowly: Size, Analyst Coverage, and the Profitability of Momentum Strategies," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(1), pages 265-295, February.
    2. Stoll, Hans R. & Whaley, Robert E., 1983. "Transaction costs and the small firm effect," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 57-79, June.
    3. Andrade, Sandro C., 2009. "A model of asset pricing under country risk," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 671-695, June.
    4. Zaremba, Adam, 2016. "Investor sentiment, limits on arbitrage, and the performance of cross-country stock market anomalies," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 9(C), pages 136-163.
    5. Lu Zhang, 2005. "The Value Premium," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(1), pages 67-103, February.
    6. van Dijk, Mathijs A., 2011. "Is size dead? A review of the size effect in equity returns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 3263-3274.
    7. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
    8. Dimic, Nebojsa & Orlov, Vitaly & Piljak, Vanja, 2015. "The political risk factor in emerging, frontier, and developed stock markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 15(C), pages 239-245.
    9. Stocker, Marshall L., 2016. "The price of freedom: A Fama–French freedom factor," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 1-19.
    10. Newey, Whitney & West, Kenneth, 2014. "A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 33(1), pages 125-132.
    11. Clifford S. Asness & Tobias J. Moskowitz & Lasse Heje Pedersen, 2013. "Value and Momentum Everywhere," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(3), pages 929-985, June.
    12. Fama, Eugene F & French, Kenneth R, 1996. "Multifactor Explanations of Asset Pricing Anomalies," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 51(1), pages 55-84, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Adam Zaremba, 2019. "The Cross Section of Country Equity Returns: A Review of Empirical Literature," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-26, October.
    2. Gkillas, Konstantinos & Boako, Gideon & Vortelinos, Dimitrios & Vasiliadis, Lavrentios, 2020. "Non-parametric quantile dependencies between volatility discontinuities and political risk," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    3. Adam Zaremba & Jacob Koby Shemer, 2018. "Price-Based Investment Strategies," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-319-91530-2, November.
    4. Zaremba, Adam & Andreu, Laura, 2018. "Paper profits or real money? Trading costs and stock market anomalies in country ETFs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 181-192.
    5. Zaremba, Adam & Umutlu, Mehmet, 2018. "Size matters everywhere: Decomposing the small country and small industry premia," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1-18.
    6. Zaremba, Adam & Karathanasopoulos, Andreas & Maydybura, Alina & Czapkiewicz, Anna & Bagheri, Noushin, 2020. "Dissecting anomalies in Islamic stocks: Integrated or segmented pricing?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    7. Zaremba, Adam & Umutlu, Mehmet & Maydybura, Alina, 2020. "Where have the profits gone? Market efficiency and the disappearing equity anomalies in country and industry returns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    8. Söhnke M. Bartram & Harald Lohre & Peter F. Pope & Ananthalakshmi Ranganathan, 2021. "Navigating the factor zoo around the world: an institutional investor perspective," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 91(5), pages 655-703, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Adam Zaremba & Jacob Koby Shemer, 2018. "Price-Based Investment Strategies," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-319-91530-2, November.
    2. Zaremba, Adam & Umutlu, Mehmet & Maydybura, Alina, 2020. "Where have the profits gone? Market efficiency and the disappearing equity anomalies in country and industry returns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    3. Cakici, Nusret & Zaremba, Adam, 2022. "Salience theory and the cross-section of stock returns: International and further evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 689-725.
    4. Amit Goyal, 2012. "Empirical cross-sectional asset pricing: a survey," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 26(1), pages 3-38, March.
    5. Auer, Benjamin R. & Rottmann, Horst, 2019. "Have capital market anomalies worldwide attenuated in the recent era of high liquidity and trading activity?," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 61-79.
    6. Zaremba Adam & Konieczka Przemysław, 2017. "Size, Value, and Momentum in Polish Equity Returns: Local or International Factors?," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 53(3), pages 26-47, September.
    7. Zaremba, Adam & Umutlu, Mehmet & Karathanasopoulos, Andreas, 2019. "Alpha momentum and alpha reversal in country and industry equity indexes," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 144-161.
    8. Victoria Atanasov & Thomas Nitschka, 2013. "The Size Effect in Value and Momentum Factors: Implications for the Cross-section of International Stock Returns," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 13-180/IV/DSF66, Tinbergen Institute.
    9. Adam Zaremba, 2018. "Country Risk and Expected Returns Across Global Equity Markets," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 68(4), pages 374-398, September.
    10. repec:fau:fauart:v:65:y:2015:i:1:p:84-104 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Adam Zaremba, 2019. "The Cross Section of Country Equity Returns: A Review of Empirical Literature," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-26, October.
    12. Cakici, Nusret & Zaremba, Adam & Bianchi, Robert J. & Pham, Nga, 2021. "False discoveries in the anomaly research: New insights from the Stock Exchange of Melbourne (1927–1987)," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    13. Zaremba, Adam & Karathanasopoulos, Andreas & Maydybura, Alina & Czapkiewicz, Anna & Bagheri, Noushin, 2020. "Dissecting anomalies in Islamic stocks: Integrated or segmented pricing?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    14. Docherty, Paul & Hurst, Gareth, 2018. "Return dispersion and conditional momentum returns: International evidence," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 263-278.
    15. Thiago De Oliveira Souza, 2013. "Discount Rates, Market Frictions and the Mystery of the Size Premium," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2013-43, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    16. Jank, Stephan, 2015. "Specialized human capital, unemployment risk, and the value premium," VfS Annual Conference 2015 (Muenster): Economic Development - Theory and Policy 113214, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    17. Jim Kyung-Soo Liew & Zhechao Zhou, 2014. "Initial Investigations of Intra-Day News Flow of S&P500 Constituents," Risks, MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-14, April.
    18. Wu, Yuliang & Mazouz, Khelifa, 2016. "Long-term industry reversals," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 236-250.
    19. Black, Angela J. & Fraser, Patricia & McMillan, David G., 2007. "Are international value premiums driven by the same set of fundamentals?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 113-129.
    20. Antonina Waszczuk, 2013. "Do local or global risk factors explain the size, value and momentum trading pay-offs on the Warsaw Stock Exchange?," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(19), pages 1497-1508, October.
    21. French, Declan & Wu, Yuliang & Li, Youwei, 2016. "Identifying the relative importance of stock characteristics," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 80-91.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Value premium; Size premium; Small-market effect; Country selection strategies; Country-level anomalies; International asset pricing; Pricing of risk; Country risk;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:18:y:2016:i:c:p:226-233. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/frl .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.