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A roadmap for repowering California for all purposes with wind, water, and sunlight

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  • Jacobson, Mark Z.
  • Delucchi, Mark A.
  • Ingraffea, Anthony R.
  • Howarth, Robert W.
  • Bazouin, Guillaume
  • Bridgeland, Brett
  • Burkart, Karl
  • Chang, Martin
  • Chowdhury, Navid
  • Cook, Roy
  • Escher, Giulia
  • Galka, Mike
  • Han, Liyang
  • Heavey, Christa
  • Hernandez, Angelica
  • Jacobson, Daniel F.
  • Jacobson, Dionna S.
  • Miranda, Brian
  • Novotny, Gavin
  • Pellat, Marie
  • Quach, Patrick
  • Romano, Andrea
  • Stewart, Daniel
  • Vogel, Laura
  • Wang, Sherry
  • Wang, Hara
  • Willman, Lindsay
  • Yeskoo, Tim

Abstract

This study presents a roadmap for converting California's all-purpose (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) energy infrastructure to one derived entirely from wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) generating electricity and electrolytic hydrogen. California's available WWS resources are first evaluated. A mix of WWS generators is then proposed to match projected 2050 electric power demand after all sectors have been electrified. The plan contemplates all new energy from WWS by 2020, 80–85% of existing energy converted by 2030, and 100% by 2050. Electrification plus modest efficiency measures may reduce California's end-use power demand ∼44% and stabilize energy prices since WWS fuel costs are zero. Several methods discussed should help generation to match demand. A complete conversion in California by 2050 is estimated to create ∼220,000 more 40-year jobs than lost, eliminate ∼12,500 (3800–23,200) state air-pollution premature mortalities/yr, avoid $103 (31–232) billion/yr in health costs, representing 4.9 (1.5–11.2)% of California's 2012 gross domestic product, and reduce California's 2050 global climate cost contribution by $48 billion/yr. The California air-pollution health plus global climate cost benefits from eliminating California emissions could equal the $1.1 trillion installation cost of 603 GW of new power needed for a 100% all-purpose WWS system within ∼7 (4–14) years.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacobson, Mark Z. & Delucchi, Mark A. & Ingraffea, Anthony R. & Howarth, Robert W. & Bazouin, Guillaume & Bridgeland, Brett & Burkart, Karl & Chang, Martin & Chowdhury, Navid & Cook, Roy & Escher, Giu, 2014. "A roadmap for repowering California for all purposes with wind, water, and sunlight," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 875-889.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:73:y:2014:i:c:p:875-889
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.06.099
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    14. Jacobson, Mark Z. & von Krauland, Anna-Katharina & Coughlin, Stephen J. & Palmer, Frances C. & Smith, Miles M., 2022. "Zero air pollution and zero carbon from all energy at low cost and without blackouts in variable weather throughout the U.S. with 100% wind-water-solar and storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 430-442.
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    17. Khoodaruth, A. & Oree, V. & Elahee, M.K. & Clark, Woodrow W., 2017. "Exploring options for a 100% renewable energy system in Mauritius by 2050," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 38-49.
    18. Bakry, Walid & Mallik, Girijasankar & Nghiem, Xuan-Hoa & Sinha, Avik & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2023. "Is green finance really “green”? Examining the long-run relationship between green finance, renewable energy and environmental performance in developing countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 341-355.
    19. Zozmann, Elmar & Göke, Leonard & Kendziorski, Mario & Rodriguez del Angel, Citlali & von Hirschhausen, Christian & Winkler, Johanna, 2021. "100% Renewable Energy Scenarios for North America—Spatial Distribution and Network Constraints," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 14(3).
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    21. Blanco, Herib & Faaij, André, 2018. "A review at the role of storage in energy systems with a focus on Power to Gas and long-term storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1049-1086.
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    23. Oh, Ki-Yong & Park, Joon-Young & Lee, Jun-Shin & Lee, JaeKyung, 2015. "Implementation of a torque and a collective pitch controller in a wind turbine simulator to characterize the dynamics at three control regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 150-160.
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