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Palladium nanoparticle catalysts synthesis on graphene in sodium dodecyl sulfate for oxygen reduction reaction

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  • Kakaei, Karim
  • Gharibi, Hussien

Abstract

We prepare large areas of graphene on carbon paper from graphite powder and anionic surfactant, assisted electrochemical exfoliation as previous work. Using a four-point probe technique, we found the conductivity of graphene on carbon paper to be 66 mS cm−1, which is approximately 1.2 and 1.65 times better than that of graphite coated carbon paper and carbon paper. Then palladium is electro-reduced onto the carbon paper based electrodes (with or without graphene) in absence or presence of different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), that are used in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for direct methanol fuel cells. The electrochemically reduced Pd is carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their electrochemical properties are investigated with cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Particularly, SEM images show that the size of the nanoparticles decreases from 1000 to 70 nm as SDS concentration increases from 0 to 14 mM. The catalytic activities of graphene-supported Pd nanoparticles and Pd–carbon paper electro-catalysts for ORR are 112 and 2 Ag−1 Pd, which can reveal the particular properties of the exfoliated graphene supports and SDS media.

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  • Kakaei, Karim & Gharibi, Hussien, 2014. "Palladium nanoparticle catalysts synthesis on graphene in sodium dodecyl sulfate for oxygen reduction reaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 166-171.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:65:y:2014:i:c:p:166-171
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.12.005
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    1. Esmaeilifar, A. & Rowshanzamir, S. & Eikani, M.H. & Ghazanfari, E., 2010. "Synthesis methods of low-Pt-loading electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3941-3957.
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    2. Li, Li & Zheng, Keqing & Ni, Meng & Leung, Michael K.H. & Xuan, Jin, 2015. "Partial modification of flow-through porous electrodes in microfluidic fuel cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 563-571.
    3. Kiyani, Roya & Rowshanzamir, Soosan & Parnian, Mohammad Javad, 2016. "Nitrogen doped graphene supported palladium-cobalt as a promising catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction: Synthesis, characterization and electrocatalytic performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1162-1173.
    4. Ojani, Reza & Hasheminejad, Ehteram & Raoof, Jahan Bakhsh, 2015. "Direct growth of 3D flower-like Pt nanostructures by a template-free electrochemical route as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 1122-1131.
    5. Yuan, Wenjing & Xie, Anjian & Li, Shikuo & Huang, Fangzhi & Zhang, Peigen & Shen, Yuhua, 2016. "High-activity oxygen reduction catalyst based on low-cost bagasse, nitrogen and large specific surface area," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 397-403.
    6. Wang, Kai & Li, Liwei & Zhang, Tiezhu & Liu, Zaifei, 2014. "Nitrogen-doped graphene for supercapacitor with long-term electrochemical stability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 612-617.
    7. Yuan, Wenjing & Xie, Anjian & Chen, Ping & Huang, Fangzhi & Li, Shikuo & Shen, Yuhua, 2018. "Combustion reaction-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon as an effective metal-Free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 333-340.
    8. Hidalgo, Diana & Tommasi, Tonia & Cauda, Valentina & Porro, Samuele & Chiodoni, Angelica & Bejtka, Katarzyna & Ruggeri, Bernardo, 2014. "Streamlining of commercial Berl saddles: A new material to improve the performance of microbial fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 615-623.
    9. Yuan, Wenjing & Xu, Wanghua & Xie, Anjian & Zhang, Hui & Wang, Cuiping & Shen, Yuhua, 2017. "An effective strategy for the preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon from Imperata cylindrica panicle and its use as a metal-free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1324-1331.
    10. Kakaei, Karim & Rahnavardi, Mohammad, 2021. "Synthesis of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide and its decoration with high efficiency palladium nanoparticles for direct ethanol fuel cell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1277-1286.

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