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Multi-criteria decision-making optimization of an independent photovoltaic-battery energy storage water pumping system

Author

Listed:
  • Sun, Xuelan
  • Zhou, Yang
  • Zhang, Yusheng
  • Wang, Xin
  • Huang, Zhen
  • Chaima, Evance
  • Li, Aiyun
  • Zhao, Xuehua

Abstract

To enhance photovoltaic (PV) utilization and sustain high water lifting flow rate (WLLR), this study presented an optimized capacity configuration model for an independent PV-battery energy storage (BES) water pumping system. The proposed model aims to maximize the annual average WLLR while minimizing both the annual average power abandonment rate (PAR) and the BES rated power. The model's feasibility was demonstrated through performance evaluation and sensitivity analysis utilizing the Lijiazhuang pumping station as a case study. The optimization process accounts for energy losses incurred during BES charging and discharging cycles. Key operational parameters, such as daily average WLLR and daily average PAR, were analyzed under optimal PV and BES configurations. Sensitivity analysis further explored the effects of initial state of charge, depth of charge (DoC), and depth of discharge (DoD) on system performance. Results indicate that the optimal configuration comprises a 3000 kW PV installation and a 1900 kW BES unit. This setup achieves an annual average WLLR of 0.287 m3/s and an annual average PAR of 2.19 %. Under these conditions, the pumping station operates six start-stop times per day, accounting for 78.90 % of the day exhibiting this pattern. Additionally, over 88 % of the operating time maintains the efficiencies of water pump and pumping station above 70 %. The study confirms that annual average PAR is sensitive to variations in DoC and DoD of BES. These findings provide a practical framework for guiding the capacity design of the off-grid PV-BES coupling water pumping systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Xuelan & Zhou, Yang & Zhang, Yusheng & Wang, Xin & Huang, Zhen & Chaima, Evance & Li, Aiyun & Zhao, Xuehua, 2026. "Multi-criteria decision-making optimization of an independent photovoltaic-battery energy storage water pumping system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:342:y:2026:i:c:s0360544225051898
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139547
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    References listed on IDEAS

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