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Availability analysis of a syngas fueled spark ignition engine using a multi-zone combustion model

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  • Rakopoulos, C.D.
  • Michos, C.N.
  • Giakoumis, E.G.

Abstract

A previously developed and validated zero-dimensional, multi-zone, thermodynamic combustion model for the prediction of spark ignition (SI) engine performance and nitric oxide (NO) emissions has been extended to include second-law analysis. The main characteristic of the model is the division of the burned gas into several distinct zones, in order to account for the temperature and chemical species stratification developed in the burned gas during combustion. Within the framework of the multi-zone model, the various availability components constituting the total availability of each of the multiple zones of the simulation are identified and calculated separately. The model is applied to a multi-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged and aftercooled, natural gas (NG) SI gas engine running on synthesis gas (syngas) fuel. The major part of the unburned mixture availability consists of the chemical contribution, ranging from 98% at the inlet valve closing (IVC) event to 83% at the ignition timing of the total availability for the 100% load case, which is due to the presence of the combustible fuel. On the contrary, the multiple burned zones possess mainly thermomechanical availability. Specifically, again for the 100% load case, the total availability of the first burned zone at the exhaust valve opening (EVO) event consists of thermomechanical availability approximately by 90%, with similar percentages for all other burned zones. Two definitions of the combustion exergetic efficiency are used to explore the degree of reversibility of the combustion process in each of the multiple burned zones. It is revealed that the crucial factor determining the thermodynamic perfection of combustion in each burned zone is the level of the temperatures at which combustion occurs in the zone, with minor influence of the whole temperature history of the zone during the complete combustion phase. The availability analysis is extended to various engine loads. The engine in question is supplied with increasingly leaner mixtures as loads rise in order to keep the emitted nitrogen oxides (NOx) low. Therefore, in-cylinder combustion temperatures are reduced, resulting in increased destruction of availability due to combustion and reduced availability losses due to heat transfer with the cylinder walls, when expressed as percentages of the fuel chemical availability. Specifically, when engine load increases from 40% to 100% of full load, with the relative air–fuel ratio also increasing from 1.56 to 1.83, the destroyed availability due to combustion rises from 14.19% to 15.02% of the fuel chemical availability, while the respective percentage of the cumulative availability loss due to heat transfer decreases from 13.37% to 9.05%.

Suggested Citation

  • Rakopoulos, C.D. & Michos, C.N. & Giakoumis, E.G., 2008. "Availability analysis of a syngas fueled spark ignition engine using a multi-zone combustion model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 1378-1398.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:33:y:2008:i:9:p:1378-1398
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2008.05.007
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    1. Rakopoulos, C.D. & Scott, M.A. & Kyritsis, D.C. & Giakoumis, E.G., 2008. "Availability analysis of hydrogen/natural gas blends combustion in internal combustion engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 248-255.
    2. Rakopoulos, C.D & Kyritsis, D.C, 2001. "Comparative second-law analysis of internal combustion engine operation for methane, methanol, and dodecane fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 26(7), pages 705-722.
    3. Rakopoulos, C.D. & Giakoumis, E.G., 2004. "Availability analysis of a turbocharged diesel engine operating under transient load conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(8), pages 1085-1104.
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    7. Amjad, A.K. & Khoshbakhi Saray, R. & Mahmoudi, S.M.S. & Rahimi, A., 2011. "Availability analysis of n-heptane and natural gas blends combustion in HCCI engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 6900-6909.
    8. Chintala, Venkateswarlu & Subramanian, K.A., 2014. "Assessment of maximum available work of a hydrogen fueled compression ignition engine using exergy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 162-175.
    9. Skorek-Osikowska, Anna & Bartela, Łukasz & Kotowicz, Janusz & Sobolewski, Aleksander & Iluk, Tomasz & Remiorz, Leszek, 2014. "The influence of the size of the CHP (combined heat and power) system integrated with a biomass fueled gas generator and piston engine on the thermodynamic and economic effectiveness of electricity an," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 328-340.
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    11. Najjar, Yousef S.H., 2011. "Comparison of performance of a Greener direct-injection stratified-charge (DISC) engine with a spark-ignition engine using a simplified model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(7), pages 4136-4143.
    12. Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Kosmadakis, George M. & Giakoumis, Evangelos G., 2020. "Exergy assessment of combustion and EGR and load effects in DI diesel engine using comprehensive two-zone modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    13. Martínez, Juan Daniel & Mahkamov, Khamid & Andrade, Rubenildo V. & Silva Lora, Electo E., 2012. "Syngas production in downdraft biomass gasifiers and its application using internal combustion engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 1-9.
    14. Sahoo, Bibhuti B. & Saha, Ujjwal K. & Sahoo, Niranjan, 2011. "Theoretical performance limits of a syngas–diesel fueled compression ignition engine from second law analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 760-769.
    15. Hongqing, Feng & Huijie, Li, 2010. "Second-law analyses applied to a spark ignition engine under surrogate fuels for gasoline," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 3551-3556.
    16. Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Kyritsis, Dimitrios C., 2016. "Butanol or DEE blends with either straight vegetable oil or biodiesel excluding fossil fuel: Comparative effects on diesel engine combustion attributes, cyclic variability and regulated emissions trad," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 314-325.
    17. Zhu, Sipeng & Deng, Kangyao & Qu, Shuan, 2013. "Energy and exergy analyses of a bottoming Rankine cycle for engine exhaust heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 448-457.
    18. Kan, Xiang & Zhou, Dezhi & Yang, Wenming & Zhai, Xiaoqiang & Wang, Chi-Hwa, 2018. "An investigation on utilization of biogas and syngas produced from biomass waste in premixed spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 210-222.
    19. Bidi, M. & Nobari, M.R.H. & Avval, M. Saffar, 2010. "A numerical evaluation of combustion in porous media by EGM (Entropy Generation Minimization)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 3483-3500.
    20. Feng, Hongqing & Liu, Daojian & Yang, Xiaoxi & An, Ming & Zhang, Weiwen & Zhang, Xiaodong, 2016. "Availability analysis of using iso-octane/n-butanol blends in spark-ignition engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 281-294.
    21. Rakopoulos, Constantine D. & Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. & Kyritsis, Dimitrios C. & Andritsakis, Eleftherios C. & Mavropoulos, George C., 2022. "Exergy evaluation of equivalence ratio, compression ratio and residual gas effects in variable compression ratio spark-ignition engine using quasi-dimensional combustion modeling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).

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