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Innovative sustainable green hydrogen ecosystem: A techno-economic model for marine transportation applications

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  • Akdağ, Ozan

Abstract

This study introduces the Hydrogen Dynamic Ecosystem Model (HDE-M) to support sustainable energy transitions in maritime transportation. The model comprises six stages: Hydrogen Raw Material Supply, Production, Storage, Transportation, Use in Hydrogen Fuel Stations (HFS), and Maritime Application. Technical, environmental, and cost analyses are conducted, with Balıkesir-Turkey selected as a case study. The 18 MW wind farm, comprising five Nordex N131/3600 turbines, is designed based on site-specific wind data, with a calculated Plant Load Factor (PLF) of 57.4–57.5 %, resulting in an estimated annual electricity production of 90,660 MWh. This wind energy is projected to produce 139,326 kg of green hydrogen per hour in 2024 (approximately 1.22 million tons per year), increasing to 219,937 kg per hour by 2050 (approximately 1.93 million tons per year). On-site hydrogen production costs from freshwater and seawater are estimated at 3.77 USD/kg and 3.923 USD/kg, respectively, in 2024, with projected decreases to 1.092 USD/kg and 1.16 USD/kg by 2050. Correspondingly, hydrogen storage costs are expected to decline from 0.474 USD/kg in 2024 to 0.247 USD/kg by 2050. Transportation by truck costs 1.693 USD/kg in 2024, reducing to 0.588 USD/kg by 2050, while pipeline transportation costs decline from 6.931 USD/kg to 1.311 USD/kg over the same period. While hydrogen ferries are 2.39 USD/km more expensive than diesel in 2024, they are projected to be 0.39 USD/km cheaper by 2050. Adopting green hydrogen in maritime transport (in this scenario) could reduce daily CO2 emissions by 25 tons in 2024 and 42 tons by 2050.

Suggested Citation

  • Akdağ, Ozan, 2025. "Innovative sustainable green hydrogen ecosystem: A techno-economic model for marine transportation applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:337:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225041866
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138544
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