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Green synthesis of manganese (Mn) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-additives from biodegradable novel dragon fruit peel extracts and its effect on reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine performance

Author

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  • Andiyappan, Kistan
  • Ramalingam, Sathiyamoorthi

Abstract

The current study demonstrates the environmentally sustainable green synthesis of manganese (Mn) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-additives using biodegradable extracts from dragon fruit peels. This novel approach highlights the potential of agricultural waste while conforming to sustainable principles in the use of nanoparticles in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engines fuelled by Azadirachta Indica methyl ester mixed with heptanol. According to the findings of the FTIR study, the band at 632 cm−1 is connected with the anti-symmetric Zn-O-Zn stretching mode. Moreover, the band that falls within the range of 480–510 cm−1 is assigned to the symmetric Zn-O-Zn and Mn-O bonds. The incorporation of MnZrO nano-additives improved performance while reducing fuel consumption. The use of manganese-doped zirconium oxide nanoparticles (Mn-ZrO NPs) led to elevated peak in-cylinder pressures, especially under high load circumstances. HC emissions decrease by 14.28 % and 19.89 % at NOME25+HEP20 with MnZrO at 50 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively, in comparison to the NOME25 blend. The Mn-ZrO NPs in NOME25 with heptanol decreased NOx emissions by 18.91 % and 21.14 % for NOME25+HEP20 with MnZrO at 50 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. The Mn-ZrO NPs influenced the subsequent reduction of smoke emissions in the NOME25 and heptanol blends.

Suggested Citation

  • Andiyappan, Kistan & Ramalingam, Sathiyamoorthi, 2025. "Green synthesis of manganese (Mn) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-additives from biodegradable novel dragon fruit peel extracts and its effect on reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine p," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:324:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225015786
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135936
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