IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v310y2024ics0360544224029967.html

Numerical study on the effect of injection strategy on combustion and NO emission from different sources in a diesel/ammonia RCCI engine

Author

Listed:
  • Lang, Maochun
  • Su, Yan
  • Li, Xiaoping
  • Xie, Fangxi
  • Wang, Yaodong
  • Shen, Bo
  • Zhang, Yulin

Abstract

Diesel/ammonia operation is one of the ways to efficiently utilize ammonia and reduce carbon emissions, however, the increase in fuel NO introduces serious emission problems. To explore the generation mechanisms of fuel NO and oxidant source NO, a multi-component diesel/ammonia chemical reaction mechanism was constructed in this study, and based on 3D CFD simulation and N-element tracking method, the combustion and different source NO emission characteristics of diesel/ammonia reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine at low loads were investigated by pilot injection timing (SOI1) and pilot injection ratio (PIR). In addition, the effect of different first injection spray angle (SA1) and double injection spray angle (SAtotal) on the engine operation was investigated. The results showed that high PIR and delayed SOI1 enhanced the engine IMEP but led to high PRRmax. At a PIR of 15 %, total NO emissions increased as SOI1 advanced, and the trend was reversed when the PIR was higher than 15 %. Fuel NO was produced earlier than the oxidant source N∗O. In terms of 1 spatial distribution, high concentrations of both NO and N∗O were distributed in and around the secondary diesel fuel ignition location, and fuel NO began to be reduced where the oxidant source N∗O was rapidly formed. The reduction mechanism of NO in the cylinder was a multi-path reduction mechanism incorporating Thermal DeNOx, NO Reburning, and inverse reaction pathways for NO formation from the oxidant source. Appropriate reduction of the SAtotal can significantly reduce the total NO emission while maintaining no significant reduction in IMEP. When SAtotal was 82°, the total NO emission was only 16.3 % of the original spray angle and PRRmax was further reduced. After optimization, when a narrow SAtotal of 82°, SOI1 of −15° CA, and PIR of 35 % were used, the IMEP of the engine increased by 5.9 %, and the total NO emission was reduced by 86 %, while PRRmax did not exceed the PRR upper limit.

Suggested Citation

  • Lang, Maochun & Su, Yan & Li, Xiaoping & Xie, Fangxi & Wang, Yaodong & Shen, Bo & Zhang, Yulin, 2024. "Numerical study on the effect of injection strategy on combustion and NO emission from different sources in a diesel/ammonia RCCI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:310:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224029967
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.133221
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544224029967
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133221?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qian, Yong & Yu, Liang & Li, Zilong & Zhang, Yahui & Xu, Leilei & Zhou, Qiyan & Han, Dong & Lu, Xingcai, 2018. "A new methodology for diesel surrogate fuel formulation: Bridging fuel fundamental properties and real engine combustion characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 424-447.
    2. Li, Jing & Ling, Xiang & Liu, Deng & Yang, Wenming & Zhou, Dezhi, 2018. "Numerical study on double injection techniques in a gasoline and biodiesel fueled RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 382-392.
    3. Huang, Haozhong & Zhu, Jizhen & Lv, Delin & Wei, Yaopeng & Zhu, Zhaojun & Yu, Binbin & Chen, Yingjie, 2018. "Development of a reduced n-heptane-n-butylbenzene-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mechanism for engine combustion simulation and soot prediction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 90-105.
    4. Zhou, Haiqin & Li, Xiangrong & Chen, Yanlin & Kang, Yuning & Liu, Dong & Liu, Fushui, 2020. "The effect of spray angle on the combustion and emission performance of a separated swirl combustion system in a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    5. Shu, Jun & Fu, Jianqin & Liu, Jingping & Ma, Yinjie & Wang, Shuqian & Deng, Banglin & Zeng, Dongjian, 2019. "Effects of injector spray angle on combustion and emissions characteristics of a natural gas (NG)-diesel dual fuel engine based on CFD coupled with reduced chemical kinetic model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 182-195.
    6. Paul Wolfram & Page Kyle & Xin Zhang & Savvas Gkantonas & Steven Smith, 2022. "Using ammonia as a shipping fuel could disturb the nitrogen cycle," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(12), pages 1112-1114, December.
    7. Lang, Maochun & Su, Yan & Wang, Yaodong & Zhang, Yulin & Wang, Benyou & Chen, Song, 2024. "Experimental study on the effects of pilot injection strategy on combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia/diesel dual fuel engine under low load," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    8. Li, Yaopeng & Jia, Ming & Liu, Yaodong & Xie, Maozhao, 2013. "Numerical study on the combustion and emission characteristics of a methanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 184-197.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Cui, Jingchen & Chen, Weize & Liu, Shuo & Sun, Xilei & Wang, Yang & Long, Wuqiang & Tian, Hua & Yang, Yong, 2026. "Controlling environmental adaptability in marine engines: The coupling effects of injector position, injection timing, and intake temperature under low-load, high-ammonia conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    2. Andiyappan, Kistan & Ramalingam, Sathiyamoorthi, 2025. "Green synthesis of manganese (Mn) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-additives from biodegradable novel dragon fruit peel extracts and its effect on reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    3. Nie, Xuexuan & Bi, Yuhua & Lei, Jilin & Shen, Lizhong & Chen, Guisheng & Liu, Shaohua & Fu, Quan, 2025. "Generation characteristics of nitrogen-containing pollutants in ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engines under different operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    4. Shi, Taifeng & Pei, Yiqiang & Zhang, Fan & Jin, Shouying & Zi, Zhenyuan & Wu, Binyang & Zhan, Qiang & Liu, Chuntao, 2026. "The hydrogen-enhanced combustion mechanism underlying the high pressure rise rate in an ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    5. Hu, Yu & Li, Jun & Chen, Haie & Zhang, Fu & Wang, Lei & Hu, Xingxing, 2025. "Effect of pre-chamber volume and hydrogen energy ratio on the performance of direct injection ammonia-hydrogen engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(C).
    6. Li, Jiawei & Huang, Haozhong & Guo, Xiaoyu & Zheng, Qihu & Chen, Kexu & Tian, Siran, 2025. "Experimental study on effects of injection strategies on improving thermal efficiency and reducing emissions by coal-to-liquid/ammonia dual-fuel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wenming, Yang & Meng, Yang, 2019. "Phi-T map analysis on RCCI engine fueled by methanol and biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    2. Li, Jing & Yu, Xiao & Xie, Jingcheng & Yang, Wenming, 2020. "Mitigation of high pressure rise rate by varying IVC timing and EGR rate in an RCCI engine with high premixed fuel ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    3. Doppalapudi, A.T. & Azad, A.K. & Khan, M.M.K., 2021. "Combustion chamber modifications to improve diesel engine performance and reduce emissions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    4. Van Chien Pham & Jae-Hyuk Choi & Beom-Seok Rho & Jun-Soo Kim & Kyunam Park & Sang-Kyun Park & Van Vang Le & Won-Ju Lee, 2021. "A Numerical Study on the Combustion Process and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Marine Engine at Full Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-28, March.
    5. Liu, Junheng & Sun, Ping & Huang, He & Meng, Jian & Yao, Xiaohua, 2017. "Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers-diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 527-536.
    6. Dongzhi Gao & Mubasher Ikram & Chao Geng & Yangyi Wu & Xiaodan Li & Chao Jin & Zunqing Zheng & Mengliang Li & Haifeng Liu, 2023. "Effects of Anhydrous and Hydrous Fusel Oil on Combustion and Emissions on a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-14, August.
    7. Lee, Jeongwoo & Park, Cheolwoong & Jang, Ilpum & Kim, Minki & Park, Gyeongtae & Kim, Yongrae, 2025. "Experimental research on the effect of diesel post-injection conditions on the efficiency and global warming potential in a single-cylinder four-stroke marine engine fueled with ammonia and diesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    8. Manju Dhakad Tanwar & Felipe Andrade Torres & Ali Mubarak Alqahtani & Pankaj Kumar Tanwar & Yashas Bhand & Omid Doustdar, 2023. "Promising Bioalcohols for Low-Emission Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-22, January.
    9. Qian, Yong & Wu, Zhiyong & Guo, Jinjing & Li, Zilong & Jiang, Chenxu & Lu, Xingcai, 2019. "Experimental studies on the key parameters controlling the combustion and emission in premixed charge compression ignition concept based on diesel surrogates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 233-246.
    10. Ding, Rui & Li, Yaopeng & Li, Haoran & Duan, Huiquan & Jia, Ming & García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier, 2025. "Experimental optimization toward high efficiency and low emissions in an ammonia-fueled RCCI engine with various reactivity enhancements," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    11. Pan, Suozhu & Cai, Kai & Cai, Min & Du, Chenbo & Li, Xin & Han, Weiqiang & Wang, Xin & Liu, Daming & Wei, Jiangjun & Fang, Jia & Bao, Xiuchao, 2021. "Experimental study on the cyclic variations of ethanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in a heavy-duty diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    12. Fabian Neumann & Johannes Hampp & Tom Brown, 2025. "Green energy and steel imports reduce Europe’s net-zero infrastructure needs," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-19, December.
    13. Xu, Leilei & Bai, Xue-Song & Li, Yaopeng & Treacy, Mark & Li, Changle & Tunestål, Per & Tunér, Martin & Lu, Xingcai, 2020. "Effect of piston bowl geometry and compression ratio on in-cylinder combustion and engine performance in a gasoline direct-injection compression ignition engine under different injection conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    14. Chen, Lin & Wei, Haiqiao & Chen, Ceyuan & Feng, Dengquan & Zhou, Lei & Pan, Jiaying, 2019. "Numerical investigations on the effects of turbulence intensity on knocking combustion in a downsized gasoline engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 318-325.
    15. Li, Yaopeng & Jia, Ming & Chang, Yachao & Liu, Yaodong & Xie, Maozhao & Wang, Tianyou & Zhou, Lei, 2014. "Parametric study and optimization of a RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine fueled with methanol and diesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 319-332.
    16. Chen, Zhanming & Zhao, Pengyun & Wang, Xiaochen & He, Haibin & Wu, Jie & Chen, Hao, 2026. "An optical study the spray and combustion characteristics of green and renewable ammonia with diesel pilot ignition under dual direct injection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PG).
    17. Jin, Tai & Wu, Yunchao & Wang, Xujiang & Luo, Kai H. & Lu, Tianfeng & Luo, Kun & Fan, Jianren, 2019. "Ignition dynamics of DME/methane-air reactive mixing layer under reactivity controlled compression ignition conditions: Effects of cool flames," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 343-354.
    18. Ahmed, Shoaib & Li, Tie & Yi, Ping & Chen, Run, 2023. "Environmental impact assessment of green ammonia-powered very large tanker ship for decarbonized future shipping operations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    19. Zhang, Yanzhi & Li, Zilong & Tamilselvan, Pachiannan & Jiang, Chenxu & He, Zhixia & Zhong, Wenjun & Qian, Yong & Wang, Qian & Lu, Xingcai, 2019. "Experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics of gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engines fueled by gasoline-hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    20. Zhou, Yifan & Qi, Wenyuan & Zhang, Yuyin, 2020. "Investigation on cyclic variation of diesel spray and a reconsideration of penetration model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:310:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224029967. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.