IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v284y2023ics0360544223020522.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of key structure and working condition parameters on a compact flat-evaporator loop heat pipe for chip cooling of data centers

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Hainan
  • Tian, Yaling
  • Tian, Changqing
  • Zhai, Zhiqiang

Abstract

Loop heat pipe has the advantages of large heat transfer coefficient without extra power input, therefore it has a good application potential in chip cooling of data centers. In this paper, a compact flat-evaporator loop heat pipe is designed and the effects of key structural parameters and working conditions on the dynamic and steady-state performance are studied. The results show that increasing heat load or the filling ratio, arranging vapor channels in the middle of the wick (rather than at the bottom) or lengthening the condenser can all reduce the temperature fluctuation; A small inclination angle of 5° and 10° can reduce the temperature fluctuation and the stable temperature, while large inclination angle of 15° will instead bring higher stable temperature; When the heat load increases step by step, the stable temperature (average temperature for fluctuation conditions) decreases and then increases for all filling ratios and structures; Minimized thermal resistance is achieved by optimizing wick and condenser structure under low and high heat load, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Hainan & Tian, Yaling & Tian, Changqing & Zhai, Zhiqiang, 2023. "Effect of key structure and working condition parameters on a compact flat-evaporator loop heat pipe for chip cooling of data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:284:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223020522
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128658
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544223020522
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128658?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sermsuk, Maytungkorn & Sukjai, Yanin & Wiboonrat, Montri & Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan, 2022. "Feasibility study of a combined system of electricity generation and cooling from liquefied natural gas to reduce the electricity cost of data centres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    2. Liu, Xuexiang & Liu, Haowen & Zhao, Xudong & Han, Zhonghe & Cui, Yu & Yu, Min, 2022. "A novel neural network and grey correlation analysis method for computation of the heat transfer limit of a loop heat pipe (LHP)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    3. Yu, Min & Chen, Fucheng & Zhou, Jinzhi & Yuan, Yanping & Fan, Yi & Li, Guiqiang & Zhao, Xudong & Wang, Zhangyuan & Li, Jing & Zheng, Siming, 2022. "Experimental investigation of a novel vertical loop-heat-pipe PV/T heat and power system under different height differences," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    4. Cao, Jingyu & Zheng, Zhanying & Asim, Muhammad & Hu, Mingke & Wang, Qiliang & Su, Yuehong & Pei, Gang & Leung, Michael K.H., 2020. "A review on independent and integrated/coupled two-phase loop thermosyphons," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    5. Wang, Xianling & Yang, Jingxuan & Wen, Qiaowei & Shittu, Samson & Liu, Guangming & Qiu, Zining & Zhao, Xudong & Wang, Zhangyuan, 2022. "Visualization study of a flat confined loop heat pipe for electronic devices cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    6. Cho, Jinkyun & Kim, Youngmo, 2021. "Development of modular air containment system: Thermal performance optimization of row-based cooling for high-density data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    7. Xu, Qian & Yang, Gang & Wang, Ceyi & Liu, Zhiwei & Zhang, Xinyi & Li, Zhuorui & Lohani, Sunil Prasad & Zhao, Yanqi & Xiong, Yaxuan & Ding, Yulong, 2023. "Experimental study on the reinforcement of a gravity heat pipe based on a latent thermal functionally fluid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    8. Jung, Eui Guk & Boo, Joon Hong, 2020. "Experimental observation of thermal behavior of a loop heat pipe with a bypass line under high heat flux," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    9. Chernysheva, Mariya A. & Pastukhov, Vladimir G. & Maydanik, Yury F., 2013. "Analysis of heat exchange in the compensation chamber of a loop heat pipe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 253-262.
    10. Wang, Xinyue & Liu, Yang & Tian, Tong & Li, Ji, 2022. "Directly air-cooled compact looped heat pipe module for high power servers with extremely low power usage effectiveness," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    11. Liu, Yuting & Yang, Xu & Li, Junming & Zhao, Xudong, 2018. "Energy savings of hybrid dew-point evaporative cooler and micro-channel separated heat pipe cooling systems for computer data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 629-640.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yao, Huicong & Zhang, Jie & Li, Yuehao & Liu, Hao & Wang, Yinfeng & Li, Guiqiang & Zhu, Yuezhao, 2023. "Heat transfer and two-phase flow of a metal foam enhanced horizontal loop thermosyphon for high power solar thermal applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    2. Han, Ouzhu & Ding, Tao & Mu, Chenggang & Jia, Wenhao & Ma, Zhoujun, 2023. "Waste heat reutilization and integrated demand response for decentralized optimization of data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    3. Luo, Zhenbing & He, Wei & Deng, Xiong & Zheng, Mu & Gao, Tianxiang & Li, Shiqing, 2023. "A compacted non-pump self-circulation spray cooling system based on dual synthetic jet referring to the principle of two-phase loop thermosyphon," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    4. Huanfa Wang & Guiping Lin & Xiaobin Shen & Yong Liu & Yuandong Guo, 2023. "Experimental Study and Visual Observation of a Loop Heat Pipe with a Flat Disk-Shaped Evaporator under Various Orientations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-17, June.
    5. Cho, Jinkyun, 2024. "Optimal supply air temperature with respect to data center operational stability and energy efficiency in a row-based cooling system under fault conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    6. Sun, Xiaoqing & Zhang, Ce & Han, Zongwei & Dong, Jiaxiang & Zhang, Yiqi & Li, Mengyi & Li, Xiuming & Wang, Qinghai & Wen, Zhenwu & Zheng, Baoli, 2023. "Experimental study on a novel pump-driven heat pipe/vapor compression system for rack-level cooling of data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    7. Li, Chao & Mao, Ruiyong & Wang, Yong & Zhang, Jun & Lan, Jiang & Zhang, Zujing, 2024. "Experimental study on direct evaporative cooling for free cooling of data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    8. Shazia Noor & Hadeed Ashraf & Muhammad Sultan & Zahid Mahmood Khan, 2020. "Evaporative Cooling Options for Building Air-Conditioning: A Comprehensive Study for Climatic Conditions of Multan (Pakistan)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-23, June.
    9. Sijun Xu & Hua Zhang & Zilong Wang, 2023. "Thermal Management and Energy Consumption in Air, Liquid, and Free Cooling Systems for Data Centers: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, January.
    10. Tian, Tong & Wang, Xinyue & Liu, Yang & Yang, Xuan & Sun, Bo & Li, Ji, 2023. "Nano-engineering enabled heat pipe battery: A powerful heat transfer infrastructure with capability of power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    11. Shao, Shuangquan & Liu, Haichao & Zhang, Hainan & Tian, Changqing, 2019. "Experimental investigation on a loop thermosyphon with evaporative condenser for free cooling of data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 829-836.
    12. Alexander Genbach & Hristo Beloev & David Bondartsev, 2021. "Comparison of Cooling Systems in Power Plant Units," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, October.
    13. Chen, Boyu & Che, Yanbo & Zheng, Zhihao & Zhao, Shuaijun, 2023. "Multi-objective robust optimal bidding strategy for a data center operator based on bi-level optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    14. Katebah, Mary A. & Hussein, Mohamed M. & Al-musleh, Easa I. & Almomani, Fares, 2023. "A systematic optimization approach of an actual LNG plant: Power savings and enhanced process economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    15. Han, Zongwei & Ji, Qiang & Wei, Haotian & Xue, Da & Sun, Xiaoqing & Zhang, Xueping & Li, Xiuming, 2020. "Simulation study on performance of data center air-conditioning system with novel evaporative condenser," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    16. Chernysheva, M.A. & Yushakova, S.I. & Maydanik, Yu.F., 2014. "Copper–water loop heat pipes for energy-efficient cooling systems of supercomputers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 534-542.
    17. Fujen Wang & Yishun Huang & BowoYuli Prasetyo, 2019. "Energy-Efficient Improvement Approaches through Numerical Simulation and Field Measurement for a Data Center," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-18, July.
    18. Cho, Jinkyun & Park, Beungyong & Jang, Seungmin, 2022. "Development of an independent modular air containment system for high-density data centers: Experimental investigation of row-based cooling performance and PUE," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    19. Leehter Yao & Jin-Hao Huang, 2019. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Energy Saving Control for Air Conditioning System in Data Center," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, April.
    20. Selorm Kwaku Anka & Nicholas Lamptey Boafo & Kwesi Mensah & Samuel Boahen & Kwang Ho Lee & Jong Min Choi, 2022. "Study on the Performance of a Newly Designed Cooling System Utilizing Dam Water for Internet Data Centers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-19, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:284:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223020522. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.