IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v271y2023ics0360544223004048.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Building-centric investigation into electric vehicle behavior: A survey-based simulation method for charging system design

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Xiaochen
  • Fu, Zhi
  • Qiu, Siyuan
  • Li, Shaojie
  • Zhang, Tao
  • Liu, Xiaohua
  • Jiang, Yi

Abstract

Demand-side decarbonization and electrification promote a strong coupling between electric vehicles (EVs) and buildings. From a building-centric perspective, this paper established a survey-based simulation platform for charging system design, which supports annual simulations with a 15-min interval. Field survey data of private vehicles in two office buildings located in Beijing (a metropolis) and Ruicheng (a county in China) were used as inputs and for validation. The platform was applied to analyze workplace charging and give suggestions for charging system design. First, the city size greatly influences vehicle behavior and charging demands. This study indicates an unusual double-peak charging demand on weekdays in the county case due to different vehicle behavior from the urban cases. Second, slow charging at workplaces can almost meet the intra-urban travel demand of private EVs. Specifically, chargers with a rated power of 3–4 kW can achieve a guarantee level of EV use of SOC0.999 = 20%. Third, the low solar self-consumption rate of current PV charging systems (generally 18%∼42%) mainly results from significant PV surpluses on weekends and in summer. These findings emphasize building-centric planning of EV-related infrastructures and proper charging strategies for energy interaction between EVs and buildings.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Xiaochen & Fu, Zhi & Qiu, Siyuan & Li, Shaojie & Zhang, Tao & Liu, Xiaohua & Jiang, Yi, 2023. "Building-centric investigation into electric vehicle behavior: A survey-based simulation method for charging system design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:271:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223004048
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544223004048
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127010?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhou, Yuekuan & Cao, Sunliang & Hensen, Jan L.M. & Lund, Peter D., 2019. "Energy integration and interaction between buildings and vehicles: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Siobhan Powell & Gustavo Vianna Cezar & Liang Min & Inês M. L. Azevedo & Ram Rajagopal, 2022. "Charging infrastructure access and operation to reduce the grid impacts of deep electric vehicle adoption," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(10), pages 932-945, October.
    3. Chen, Jianhong & Zhang, Youlang & Li, Xinzhou & Sun, Bo & Liao, Qiangqiang & Tao, Yibin & Wang, Zhiqin, 2020. "Strategic integration of vehicle-to-home system with home distributed photovoltaic power generation in Shanghai," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    4. Neaimeh, Myriam & Wardle, Robin & Jenkins, Andrew M. & Yi, Jialiang & Hill, Graeme & Lyons, Padraig F. & Hübner, Yvonne & Blythe, Phil T. & Taylor, Phil C., 2015. "A probabilistic approach to combining smart meter and electric vehicle charging data to investigate distribution network impacts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 688-698.
    5. Bailey, Joseph & Axsen, Jonn, 2015. "Anticipating PEV buyers’ acceptance of utility controlled charging," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 29-46.
    6. Luthander, Rasmus & Widén, Joakim & Nilsson, Daniel & Palm, Jenny, 2015. "Photovoltaic self-consumption in buildings: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 80-94.
    7. Zhou, Yuekuan & Cao, Sunliang & Hensen, Jan L.M., 2021. "An energy paradigm transition framework from negative towards positive district energy sharing networks—Battery cycling aging, advanced battery management strategies, flexible vehicles-to-buildings in," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    8. Fachrizal, Reza & Shepero, Mahmoud & Åberg, Magnus & Munkhammar, Joakim, 2022. "Optimal PV-EV sizing at solar powered workplace charging stations with smart charging schemes considering self-consumption and self-sufficiency balance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    9. Hong, Shuyao & Zhao, Fang & Livshits, Vladimir & Gershenfeld, Shari & Santos, Jorge & Ben-Akiva, Moshe, 2021. "Insights on data quality from a large-scale application of smartphone-based travel survey technology in the Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona, USA," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 413-429.
    10. Chandra Mouli, G.R. & Bauer, P. & Zeman, M., 2016. "System design for a solar powered electric vehicle charging station for workplaces," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 434-443.
    11. Dorokhova, Marina & Martinson, Yann & Ballif, Christophe & Wyrsch, Nicolas, 2021. "Deep reinforcement learning control of electric vehicle charging in the presence of photovoltaic generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    12. Omar Isaac Asensio & Camila Z. Apablaza & M. Cade Lawson & Sarah Elizabeth Walsh, 2022. "A field experiment on workplace norms and electric vehicle charging etiquette," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 26(1), pages 183-196, February.
    13. Zou, Wenke & Sun, Yongjun & Gao, Dian-ce & Zhang, Xu & Liu, Junyao, 2023. "A review on integration of surging plug-in electric vehicles charging in energy-flexible buildings: Impacts analysis, collaborative management technologies, and future perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    14. Pareschi, Giacomo & Küng, Lukas & Georges, Gil & Boulouchos, Konstantinos, 2020. "Are travel surveys a good basis for EV models? Validation of simulated charging profiles against empirical data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    15. Singh, Kamini & Singh, Anoop, 2022. "Behavioural modelling for personal and societal benefits of V2G/V2H integration on EV adoption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    16. Pearre, Nathaniel S. & Ribberink, Hajo, 2019. "Review of research on V2X technologies, strategies, and operations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 61-70.
    17. Fretzen, Ulrich & Ansarin, Mohammad & Brandt, Tobias, 2021. "Temporal city-scale matching of solar photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    18. Fang, Yingkai & Asche, Frank & Novan, Kevin, 2018. "The costs of charging Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs): Within day variation in emissions and electricity prices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 196-203.
    19. Thomas, Dimitrios & Deblecker, Olivier & Ioakimidis, Christos S., 2018. "Optimal operation of an energy management system for a grid-connected smart building considering photovoltaics’ uncertainty and stochastic electric vehicles’ driving schedule," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 1188-1206.
    20. Yu, Zhenyu & Lu, Fei & Zou, Yu & Yang, Xudong, 2022. "Quantifying the real-time energy flexibility of commuter plug-in electric vehicles in an office building considering photovoltaic and load uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    21. Hewu Wang & Xiaobin Zhang & Lvwei Wu & Cong Hou & Huiming Gong & Qian Zhang & Minggao Ouyang, 2015. "Beijing passenger car travel survey: implications for alternative fuel vehicle deployment," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 20(5), pages 817-835, June.
    22. Zhang, Xudong & Zou, Yuan & Fan, Jie & Guo, Hongwei, 2019. "Usage pattern analysis of Beijing private electric vehicles based on real-world data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 1074-1085.
    23. Buonomano, Annamaria, 2020. "Building to Vehicle to Building concept: A comprehensive parametric and sensitivity analysis for decision making aims," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    24. Das, H.S. & Rahman, M.M. & Li, S. & Tan, C.W., 2020. "Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    25. Heredia, Willy Bernal & Chaudhari, Kalpesh & Meintz, Andrew & Jun, Myungsoo & Pless, Shanti, 2020. "Evaluation of smart charging for electric vehicle-to-building integration: A case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    26. Powell, Siobhan & Kara, Emre Can & Sevlian, Raffi & Cezar, Gustavo Vianna & Kiliccote, Sila & Rajagopal, Ram, 2020. "Controlled workplace charging of electric vehicles: The impact of rate schedules on transformer aging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    27. Borge-Diez, David & Icaza, Daniel & Açıkkalp, Emin & Amaris, Hortensia, 2021. "Combined vehicle to building (V2B) and vehicle to home (V2H) strategy to increase electric vehicle market share," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    28. Yanyan Xu & Serdar Çolak & Emre C. Kara & Scott J. Moura & Marta C. González, 2018. "Planning for electric vehicle needs by coupling charging profiles with urban mobility," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(6), pages 484-493, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Xiaochen & Fu, Zhi & Qiu, Siyuan & Zhang, Tao & Li, Shaojie & Yang, Zhi & Liu, Xiaohua & Jiang, Yi, 2023. "Charging private electric vehicles solely by photovoltaics: A battery-free direct-current microgrid with distributed charging strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    2. Liao, Wei & Xiao, Fu & Li, Yanxue & Zhang, Hanbei & Peng, Jinqing, 2024. "A comparative study of demand-side energy management strategies for building integrated photovoltaics-battery and electric vehicles (EVs) in diversified building communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    3. Luo, Jianing & Yuan, Yanping & Joybari, Mahmood Mastani & Cao, Xiaoling, 2024. "Development of a prediction-based scheduling control strategy with V2B mode for PV-building-EV integrated systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    4. Hasanien, Hany M. & Alsaleh, Ibrahim & Tostado-Véliz, Marcos & Zhang, Miao & Alateeq, Ayoob & Jurado, Francisco & Alassaf, Abdullah, 2024. "Hybrid particle swarm and sea horse optimization algorithm-based optimal reactive power dispatch of power systems comprising electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    5. Sprei, Frances & Kempton, Willett, 2024. "Mental models guide electric vehicle charging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    6. Khan, Waqas & Somers, Ward & Walker, Shalika & de Bont, Kevin & Van der Velden, Joep & Zeiler, Wim, 2023. "Comparison of electric vehicle load forecasting across different spatial levels with incorporated uncertainty estimation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Liu, Xiaochen & Fu, Zhi & Qiu, Siyuan & Zhang, Tao & Li, Shaojie & Yang, Zhi & Liu, Xiaohua & Jiang, Yi, 2023. "Charging private electric vehicles solely by photovoltaics: A battery-free direct-current microgrid with distributed charging strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    2. Zhou, Yuekuan & Liu, Xiaohua & Zhao, Qianchuan, 2024. "A stochastic vehicle schedule model for demand response and grid flexibility in a renewable-building-e-transportation-microgrid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    3. Li, Xiaohui & Wang, Zhenpo & Zhang, Lei & Sun, Fengchun & Cui, Dingsong & Hecht, Christopher & Figgener, Jan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2023. "Electric vehicle behavior modeling and applications in vehicle-grid integration: An overview," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    4. Barone, Giovanni & Buonomano, Annamaria & Forzano, Cesare & Giuzio, Giovanni Francesco & Palombo, Adolfo & Russo, Giuseppe, 2022. "Energy virtual networks based on electric vehicles for sustainable buildings: System modelling for comparative energy and economic analyses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    5. Niu, Jide & Li, Xiaoyuan & Tian, Zhe & Yang, Hongxing, 2024. "Uncertainty analysis of the electric vehicle potential for a household to enhance robustness in decision on the EV/V2H technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
    6. Krzysztof Zagrajek & Józef Paska & Łukasz Sosnowski & Konrad Gobosz & Konrad Wróblewski, 2021. "Framework for the Introduction of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology into the Polish Electricity Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-30, June.
    7. Fachrizal, Reza & Shepero, Mahmoud & Åberg, Magnus & Munkhammar, Joakim, 2022. "Optimal PV-EV sizing at solar powered workplace charging stations with smart charging schemes considering self-consumption and self-sufficiency balance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    8. Zou, Wenke & Sun, Yongjun & Gao, Dian-ce & Zhang, Xu & Liu, Junyao, 2023. "A review on integration of surging plug-in electric vehicles charging in energy-flexible buildings: Impacts analysis, collaborative management technologies, and future perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    9. Zhou, Yuekuan, 2023. "A dynamic self-learning grid-responsive strategy for battery sharing economy—multi-objective optimisation and posteriori multi-criteria decision making," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    10. Calearo, Lisa & Marinelli, Mattia & Ziras, Charalampos, 2021. "A review of data sources for electric vehicle integration studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    11. Powell, Siobhan & Vianna Cezar, Gustavo & Apostolaki-Iosifidou, Elpiniki & Rajagopal, Ram, 2022. "Large-scale scenarios of electric vehicle charging with a data-driven model of control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    12. Zhou, Yuekuan & Cao, Sunliang & Hensen, Jan L.M., 2021. "An energy paradigm transition framework from negative towards positive district energy sharing networks—Battery cycling aging, advanced battery management strategies, flexible vehicles-to-buildings in," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    13. Krzysztof Zagrajek & Mariusz Kłos & Desire D. Rasolomampionona & Mirosław Lewandowski & Karol Pawlak, 2023. "The Novel Approach of Using Electric Vehicles as a Resource to Mitigate the Negative Effects of Power Rationing on Non-Residential Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-36, December.
    14. Zhou, Yuekuan & Cao, Sunliang & Hensen, Jan L.M. & Lund, Peter D., 2019. "Energy integration and interaction between buildings and vehicles: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    15. Gonzalez Venegas, Felipe & Petit, Marc & Perez, Yannick, 2021. "Active integration of electric vehicles into distribution grids: Barriers and frameworks for flexibility services," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    16. Buonomano, Annamaria, 2020. "Building to Vehicle to Building concept: A comprehensive parametric and sensitivity analysis for decision making aims," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    17. Gönül, Ömer & Duman, A. Can & Güler, Önder, 2021. "Electric vehicles and charging infrastructure in Turkey: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    18. Zhou, Yuekuan, 2022. "A regression learner-based approach for battery cycling ageing prediction―advances in energy management strategy and techno-economic analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    19. Ma, Shao-Chao & Yi, Bo-Wen & Fan, Ying, 2022. "Research on the valley-filling pricing for EV charging considering renewable power generation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    20. Sun, Chuyu & Zhao, Xiaoli & Qi, Binbin & Xiao, Weihao & Zhang, Hongjun, 2022. "Economic and environmental analysis of coupled PV-energy storage-charging station considering location and scale," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:271:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223004048. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.