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Paper mill sludge biochar to enhance energy recovery from pyrolysis: A comprehensive evaluation and comparison

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  • Liu, Zhongzhe
  • Hughes, Matthew
  • Tong, Yiran
  • Zhou, Jizhi
  • Kreutter, William
  • Lopez, Hugo Cortes
  • Singer, Simcha
  • Zitomer, Daniel
  • McNamara, Patrick

Abstract

Bio-oil and pyrolysis gas (py-gas) are two pyrolysis products available for potential energy recovery. Crude bio-oil, however, is typically corrosive and unstable, requiring special combustion equipment or catalytic upgrading to produce drop-in-grade fuel. In contrast, py-gas is readily useable in standard equipment for energy recovery. Previous research revealed that Ca-impregnated biochar catalyst improved bio-oil to py-gas conversion. Biochar produced from paper mill sludge (p-sludge) has very high Ca content. In this study, the catalytic ability of p-sludge biochar was systematically evaluated for the first time in pyrolysis. P-sludge biochar resulted in higher py-gas yield (40 wt% of total pyrolysis products) and py-gas energy (8400 kJ of py-gas per biosolids pyrolyzed) than other biochar catalysts (e.g. wood and corn stover biochars) and mineral catalysts (e.g. calcined dolomite). Under some conditions (e.g. high temperature and catalyst loading), catalysis completely eliminated the nonaqueous phase condensate. A lower catalyst-to-feedstock ratio was required using p-sludge biochar compared to other biochars for similar performance. P-sludge biochar also had a longer catalyst lifetime based on the effectiveness over five reuse cycles. Bio-oil catalyzed by p-sludge biochar contained fewer organic constituents based on GC-MS and GC-FID analyses (e.g. toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, phenol, cresol, and indole were not identified after catalysis).

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Zhongzhe & Hughes, Matthew & Tong, Yiran & Zhou, Jizhi & Kreutter, William & Lopez, Hugo Cortes & Singer, Simcha & Zitomer, Daniel & McNamara, Patrick, 2022. "Paper mill sludge biochar to enhance energy recovery from pyrolysis: A comprehensive evaluation and comparison," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221021733
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121925
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Devi, Lopamudra & Ptasinski, Krzysztof J. & Janssen, Frans J.J.G. & van Paasen, Sander V.B. & Bergman, Patrick C.A. & Kiel, Jacob H.A., 2005. "Catalytic decomposition of biomass tars: use of dolomite and untreated olivine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 565-587.
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    3. Fonts, Isabel & Gea, Gloria & Azuara, Manuel & Ábrego, Javier & Arauzo, Jesús, 2012. "Sewage sludge pyrolysis for liquid production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2781-2805.
    4. Liu, Zhongzhe & Singer, Simcha & Tong, Yiran & Kimbell, Lee & Anderson, Erik & Hughes, Matthew & Zitomer, Daniel & McNamara, Patrick, 2018. "Characteristics and applications of biochars derived from wastewater solids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 650-664.
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    1. Tharaka Rama Krishna C. Doddapaneni & Linnar Pärn & Timo Kikas, 2022. "Torrefaction of Pulp Industry Sludge to Enhance Its Fuel Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-15, August.
    2. Yifan Shen & Qi Li & Xiangjun Pei & Renjie Wei & Bingmei Yang & Ningfei Lei & Xiaochao Zhang & Daqiu Yin & Shijun Wang & Qizhong Tao, 2023. "Ecological Restoration of Engineering Slopes in China—A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Muzyka, Roksana & Misztal, Edyta & Hrabak, Joanna & Banks, Scott W. & Sajdak, Marcin, 2023. "Various biomass pyrolysis conditions influence the porosity and pore size distribution of biochar," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).

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