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Ilmenite as alternative bed material for the combustion of coal and biomass blends in a fluidised bed combustor to improve combustion performance and reduce agglomeration tendency

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  • Garcia, Eduardo
  • Liu, Hao

Abstract

Co-firing coal and biomass has the potential to reduce GHG emissions. However, high levels of alkali and alkaline metals in biomass ash can bring additional issues to the operation of coal-fired boilers. This study investigates the effects of ilmenite as the bed material on CO and NOx emissions and combustion efficiency of a coal and biomass blend, and the agglomeration tendency of the bed material with a pilot-scale (30 kWth) bubbling fluidised bed combustor. The experiments were carried out at 900 °C using a bituminous coal blended with wheat straw pellets at 40 wt% as the fuel and silica sand as the baseline bed material. Samples of agglomerates collected from the combustor and cyclone ash were characterised by SEM-EDS, XRD, and XRF. The results revealed that ilmenite could reduce the level of excess air required to achieve complete combustion due to lower CO emissions and less efficiency loss compared to silica sand. However, ilmenite increased NOx emissions. Furthermore, the characterisation of the obtained agglomerates and cyclone ash showed that ilmenite could hinder the K-rich molten substance attachment to the bed material, leading to significantly smaller agglomerates and hence less tendency towards defluidisation in comparison to silica sand.

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  • Garcia, Eduardo & Liu, Hao, 2022. "Ilmenite as alternative bed material for the combustion of coal and biomass blends in a fluidised bed combustor to improve combustion performance and reduce agglomeration tendency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221021617
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121913
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    1. Schneider, T. & Moffitt, J. & Volz, N. & Müller, D. & Karl, J., 2022. "Long-term effects of ilmenite on a micro-scale bubbling fluidized bed combined heat and power pilot plant for oxygen carrier aided combustion of wood," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    2. Liu, Zhuo & Li, Jianbo & Long, Xiaofei & Lu, Xiaofeng, 2022. "Mechanisms and characteristics of ash layer formation on bed particles during circulating fluidized bed combustion of Zhundong lignite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    3. Li, Xiangjie & He, Fang & Cai, Junmeng & Behrendt, Frank & Dieguez-Alonso, Alba & Schliermann, Thomas, 2022. "Oxidation kinetics of maize stover char at low temperature based on surface area and temperature correction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).

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