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Low-energy opportunity for multi-family residences: A review and simulation-based study of a solar borehole thermal energy storage system

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  • Elhashmi, Rodwan
  • Hallinan, Kevin P.
  • Chiasson, Andrew D.

Abstract

The multi-family residential building sector is the least energy efficient in the United States, thus allowing for ample opportunities for significant cost-effective energy and carbon savings. In the present study, we propose a district solar borehole thermal solar energy storage (BTES) system for both retrofit and new construction for a multi-family residence in the Midwestern United States, where the climate is moderately cold with very warm summers. Actual apartment interval power and water demand data was mined and used to estimate unit level hourly space and water heating demands, which was subsequently used to design a cost-optimal BTES system. Using a dynamic simulation model to predict the system performance over a 25-year period, a parametric study was conducted that varied the sizes of the BTES system and the solar collector array. A life-cycle cost analysis concluded that is it possible for an optimally-sized system to achieve an internal rate of return (IRR) of 11%, while reducing apartment-wide energy and carbon consumption by 46%. Both a stand-alone and solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system were designed and simulated for comparison to the BTES system, and found to be less economically favorable than the solar BTES system. Thus, the promise for district-scale adoption of BTES in multi-family residences is established, particularly for new buildings.

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  • Elhashmi, Rodwan & Hallinan, Kevin P. & Chiasson, Andrew D., 2020. "Low-energy opportunity for multi-family residences: A review and simulation-based study of a solar borehole thermal energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:204:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220309774
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117870
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    Cited by:

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    3. Ushamah, Hafiz Muhammad & Ahmed, Naveed & Elfeky, K.E. & Mahmood, Mariam & Qaisrani, Mumtaz A. & Waqas, Adeel & Zhang, Qian, 2022. "Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid district heating with borehole thermal storage for various solar collectors and climate zones in Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1639-1656.
    4. Formhals, Julian & Feike, Frederik & Hemmatabady, Hoofar & Welsch, Bastian & Sass, Ingo, 2021. "Strategies for a transition towards a solar district heating grid with integrated seasonal geothermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    5. Maragna, Charles & Rey, Charlotte & Perreaux, Marc, 2023. "A novel and versatile solar Borehole Thermal Energy Storage assisted by a Heat Pump. Part 1: System description," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 709-725.
    6. Ali Dargahi & Khezr Sanjani & Morteza Nazari-Heris & Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo & Sajjad Tohidi & Mousa Marzband, 2020. "Scheduling of Air Conditioning and Thermal Energy Storage Systems Considering Demand Response Programs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-13, September.
    7. Francesco Tinti & Patrizia Tassinari & Dimitra Rapti & Stefano Benni, 2023. "Development of a Pilot Borehole Storage System of Solar Thermal Energy: Modeling, Design, and Installation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-25, April.
    8. Fiorentini, Massimo & Heer, Philipp & Baldini, Luca, 2023. "Design optimization of a district heating and cooling system with a borehole seasonal thermal energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    9. Ma, Qijie & Wang, Peijun & Fan, Jianhua & Klar, Assaf, 2022. "Underground solar energy storage via energy piles: An experimental study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    10. Chen, Ben & Liu, Qi & Zhang, Cheng & Liu, Yang & Shen, Jun & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "Numerical study on water transfer characteristics under joint effect of placement orientation and flow channel size for PEMFC with dead-ended anode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    11. Saeed Alqaed & Jawed Mustafa & Kevin P. Hallinan & Rodwan Elhashmi, 2020. "Hybrid CHP/Geothermal Borehole System for Multi-Family Building in Heating Dominated Climates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-16, September.
    12. Zhao, Zilong & Lin, Yu-Feng & Stumpf, Andrew & Wang, Xinlei, 2022. "Assessing impacts of groundwater on geothermal heat exchangers: A review of methodology and modeling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 121-147.
    13. Pokhrel, Sajjan & Amiri, Leyla & Zueter, Ahmad & Poncet, Sébastien & Hassani, Ferri P. & Sasmito, Agus P. & Ghoreishi-Madiseh, Seyed Ali, 2021. "Thermal performance evaluation of integrated solar-geothermal system; a semi-conjugate reduced order numerical model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    14. Shuo Chen & Bart J. Dewancker & Simin Yang & Jing Mao & Jie Chen, 2021. "Study on the Roof Solar Heating Storage System of Traditional Residences in Southern Shaanxi, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-27, November.

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