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The potential of grid-orientated distributed cogeneration on the minutes reserve market and how changing the operating mode impacts on CO2 emissions

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  • Schüwer, Dietmar
  • Krüger, Christine
  • Merten, Frank
  • Nebel, Arjuna

Abstract

Distributed cogeneration units are flexible and suited to providing balancing power, thereby contributing to the integration of renewable electricity. Against this background, we analysed the technical potential and ecological impact of CHP (combined heat and power) systems on the German minutes reserve market for 2010, 2020 and 2030. Typical CHP plants (from 1 to 2800 kWel) were evaluated in relation to typical buildings or supply cases in different sectors. The minutes reserve potential was determined by an optimisation model with a temporal resolution of 15 min. The results were scaled up to national level using a scenario analysis for the future development of CHP. Additionally, the extent to which three different flexibility measures (double plant size/fourfold storage volume/emergency cooler) increase the potential provision of balancing power was examined. Key findings demonstrate that distributed CHP could contribute significantly to the provision of minutes reserve in future decades. Flexibility options would further enhance the theoretical potential. The grid-orientated operating mode slightly increases CO2 emissions compared to the heat-orientated mode, but it is still preferable to the separate generation of heat and power. However, the impacts of a flexible mode depend greatly on the application and power-to-heat ratio of the individual CHP system.

Suggested Citation

  • Schüwer, Dietmar & Krüger, Christine & Merten, Frank & Nebel, Arjuna, 2016. "The potential of grid-orientated distributed cogeneration on the minutes reserve market and how changing the operating mode impacts on CO2 emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 23-33.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:110:y:2016:i:c:p:23-33
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lund, Henrik & Andersen, Anders N. & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Connolly, David, 2012. "From electricity smart grids to smart energy systems – A market operation based approach and understanding," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 96-102.
    2. Moreton, O.R. & Rowley, P.N., 2012. "The feasibility of biomass CHP as an energy and CO2 source for commercial glasshouses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 339-346.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Tang, Hong & Wang, Shengwei & Li, Hangxin, 2021. "Flexibility categorization, sources, capabilities and technologies for energy-flexible and grid-responsive buildings: State-of-the-art and future perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    3. Hussam, Wisam K. & Rahbari, Hamid Reza & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad, 2020. "Off-design operation analysis of air-based high-temperature heat and power storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    4. Fu, Xueqian & Guo, Qinglai & Sun, Hongbin & Zhang, Xiurong & Wang, Li, 2017. "Estimation of the failure probability of an integrated energy system based on the first order reliability method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1068-1078.
    5. Lund, Henrik & Duic, Neven & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2018. "Future district heating systems and technologies: On the role of smart energy systems and 4th generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 614-619.
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    7. Liu, Yuan & He, Li & Shen, Jing, 2017. "Optimization-based provincial hybrid renewable and non-renewable energy planning – A case study of Shanxi, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 839-856.

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