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Market-based biogas sector development in least developed countries —The case of Cambodia

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  • Buysman, Eric
  • Mol, Arthur P.J.

Abstract

In many of the least developed countries the energy security conundrum is how to provide affordable, safe and clean energy to a low income rural population. Household level generation of biogas from animal waste for both cooking and lighting, while producing high quality organic fertiliser, is increasingly proposed as a viable part of the solution for farming households. Since the early 1990s international development organisations – often in cooperation with the national government – have attempted to introduce biogas technologies in many least developed countries, but most initiatives failed. In this landscape of failed biogas development programmes the National Biodigester Programme (NBP) Cambodia started in 2006, with the aim to establish a permanent market oriented and self-financed biogas sector. The results show the development of a sustainable domestic biodigester sector, a rapid diffusion of biodigesters among poor rural households, but still ambivalences on financial independency from external funding and carbon finance. The conclusion is that a pure market model for biogas development in the rural area of the least developed countries will not easily work. Governmental regulation and coordination will remain needed, and carbon finance will not easily fully replace ODA and governmental financial support.

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  • Buysman, Eric & Mol, Arthur P.J., 2013. "Market-based biogas sector development in least developed countries —The case of Cambodia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 44-51.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:63:y:2013:i:c:p:44-51
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.071
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    3. Raha, Debadayita & Mahanta, Pinakeswar & Clarke, Michèle L., 2014. "The implementation of decentralised biogas plants in Assam, NE India: The impact and effectiveness of the National Biogas and Manure Management Programme," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 80-91.
    4. Khan, Ershad Ullah & Martin, Andrew R., 2016. "Review of biogas digester technology in rural Bangladesh," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 247-259.
    5. Cheng, Shikun & Li, Zifu & Mang, Heinz-Peter & Huba, Elisabeth-Maria & Gao, Ruiling & Wang, Xuemei, 2014. "Development and application of prefabricated biogas digesters in developing countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 387-400.
    6. Nazia Yasmin & Philipp Grundmann, 2019. "Pre- and Post-Adoption Beliefs about the Diffusion and Continuation of Biogas-Based Cooking Fuel Technology in Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Dariusz Kusz & Bożena Kusz & Ludwik Wicki & Tomasz Nowakowski & Ryszard Kata & Władysław Brejta & Anna Kasprzyk & Marek Barć, 2024. "The Economic Efficiencies of Investment in Biogas Plants—A Case Study of a Biogas Plant Using Waste from a Dairy Farm in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-23, July.
    8. Mukeshimana, Marie Claire & Zhao, Zhen-Yu & Ahmad, Munir & Irfan, Muhammad, 2021. "Analysis on barriers to biogas dissemination in Rwanda: AHP approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1127-1137.
    9. Alberto Regattieri & Marco Bortolini & Emilio Ferrari & Mauro Gamberi & Francesco Piana, 2018. "Biogas Micro-Production from Human Organic Waste—A Research Proposal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-14, January.
    10. Bluemling, Bettina, 2013. "Synopsis of the Special Issue Section: “The social organization of agricultural biogas production and use”," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 52-54.
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    13. Ortiz, Willington & Terrapon-Pfaff, Julia & Dienst, Carmen, 2017. "Understanding the diffusion of domestic biogas technologies. Systematic conceptualisation of existing evidence from developing and emerging countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1287-1299.

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