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The carbon footprint of water management policy options

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  • Shrestha, Eleeja
  • Ahmad, Sajjad
  • Johnson, Walter
  • Batista, Jacimaria R.

Abstract

The growing concerns of global warming and climate change have forced water providers to scrutinize the energy for water production and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with it. A system dynamics model is developed to estimate the energy requirements to move water from the water source to the distribution laterals of the Las Vegas Valley and to analyze the carbon footprint associated with it. The results show that at present nearly 0.85 million megawatt hours per year (MWh/y) energy is required for conveyance of water in distribution laterals of the Valley from Lake Mead resulting in approximately 0.53 million metric tons of CO2 emissions per year. Considering the current mix of fuel source, the energy and CO2 emissions will increase to 1.34millionMWh/y and 0.84 million metric tons per year, respectively, by the year 2035. Various scenarios including change in population growth rate, water conservation, increase in water reuse, change in the Lake level, change in fuel sources, change in emission rates, and combination of multiple scenarios are analyzed to study their impact on energy requirements and associated CO2 emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Shrestha, Eleeja & Ahmad, Sajjad & Johnson, Walter & Batista, Jacimaria R., 2012. "The carbon footprint of water management policy options," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 201-212.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:42:y:2012:i:c:p:201-212
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.074
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Neeraj Vedwan & Sajjad Ahmad & Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm & Kenneth Broad & David Letson & Guillermo Podesta, 2008. "Institutional Evolution in Lake Okeechobee Management in Florida: Characteristics, Impacts, and Limitations," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 22(6), pages 699-718, June.
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    2. Zhang, Xiaohong & Qi, Yan & Wang, Yanqing & Wu, Jun & Lin, Lili & Peng, Hong & Qi, Hui & Yu, Xiaoyu & Zhang, Yanzong, 2016. "Effect of the tap water supply system on China's economy and energy consumption, and its emissions’ impact," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 660-671.
    3. Bekker, A. & Van Dijk, M. & Niebuhr, C.M., 2022. "A review of low head hydropower at wastewater treatment works and development of an evaluation framework for South Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    4. Thomas Beaussier & Sylvain Caurla & Véronique Bellon Maurel & Eléonore Loiseau, 2019. "Coupling economic models and environmental assessment methods to support regional policies : A critical review," Post-Print hal-02021423, HAL.
    5. Nogueira Vilanova, Mateus Ricardo & Perrella Balestieri, José Antônio, 2014. "Energy and hydraulic efficiency in conventional water supply systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 701-714.
    6. Riccardo Boiocchi & Marco Ragazzi & Vincenzo Torretta & Elena Cristina Rada, 2023. "Critical Analysis of the GreenMetric World University Ranking System: The Issue of Comparability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-15, January.
    7. Nogueira Vilanova, Mateus Ricardo & Perrella Balestieri, José Antônio, 2015. "Exploring the water-energy nexus in Brazil: The electricity use for water supply," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 415-432.
    8. Bukhary, Saria & Ahmad, Sajjad & Batista, Jacimaria, 2018. "Analyzing land and water requirements for solar deployment in the Southwestern United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3288-3305.
    9. Negi, Rajhans & Chandel, Munish K., 2024. "Embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater reuse strategies in Indian Himalayan region," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    10. Ali Mirchi & Kaveh Madani & David Watkins & Sajjad Ahmad, 2012. "Synthesis of System Dynamics Tools for Holistic Conceptualization of Water Resources Problems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(9), pages 2421-2442, July.
    11. Christopher A. Scott & Zachary P. Sugg, 2015. "Global Energy Development and Climate-Induced Water Scarcity—Physical Limits, Sectoral Constraints, and Policy Imperatives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-15, August.

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