IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v146y2020ics0301421520304882.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Demand charge savings from solar PV and energy storage

Author

Listed:
  • Darghouth, Naïm R.
  • Barbose, Galen
  • Zuboy, Jarett
  • Gagnon, Pieter J.
  • Mills, Andrew D.
  • Bird, Lori

Abstract

With an increasing number of jurisdictions considering alternatives to net metering policies to financially compensate behind-the-meter solar photovoltaics (PV), customer economics will increasingly depend on its ability to reduce demand charges. Understanding these demand charge savings from PV—and how behind-the-meter storage can potentially enhance those savings—is essential to understand PV market dynamics and adoption in the coming years. This article explores how these demand charge savings vary with demand charge designs and customer load profiles, modeled for a variety of residential and commercial customers. Our findings indicate that demand charge savings are lowest under a basic, non-coincident demand charge design where the demand charge is based on the maximum demand level over the month, regardless of timing, resulting primarily from the temporal mismatch between the timing of the PV host's demand peak and PV generation. PV provides greater demand charge savings, for both commercial and residential customers, when demand charge designs are based on predefined, daytime peak periods or longer averaging intervals. Demand charge savings from PV combined with storage are almost always greater than the sum of the savings attained through either technology separately. We also explore how well demand charge savings from PV align with corresponding utility savings.

Suggested Citation

  • Darghouth, Naïm R. & Barbose, Galen & Zuboy, Jarett & Gagnon, Pieter J. & Mills, Andrew D. & Bird, Lori, 2020. "Demand charge savings from solar PV and energy storage," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:146:y:2020:i:c:s0301421520304882
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111766
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421520304882
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111766?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Glassmire, John & Komor, Paul & Lilienthal, Peter, 2012. "Electricity demand savings from distributed solar photovoltaics," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 323-331.
    2. Boampong, Richard & Brown, David P., 2020. "On the benefits of behind-the-meter rooftop solar and energy storage: The importance of retail rate design," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    3. Brown, David P. & Sappington, David E.M., 2018. "On the role of maximum demand charges in the presence of distributed generation resources," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 237-249.
    4. Sengupta, Manajit & Xie, Yu & Lopez, Anthony & Habte, Aron & Maclaurin, Galen & Shelby, James, 2018. "The National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 51-60.
    5. Qiu, Yueming & Kahn, Matthew E. & Xing, Bo, 2019. "Quantifying the rebound effects of residential solar panel adoption," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 310-341.
    6. Young, Sharon & Bruce, Anna & MacGill, Iain, 2019. "Potential impacts of residential PV and battery storage on Australia's electricity networks under different tariffs," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 616-627.
    7. Babacan, Oytun & Ratnam, Elizabeth L. & Disfani, Vahid R. & Kleissl, Jan, 2017. "Distributed energy storage system scheduling considering tariff structure, energy arbitrage and solar PV penetration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1384-1393.
    8. J. Stephen Henderson, 1983. "The Economics of Electricity Demand Charges," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Special I).
    9. Scott P. Burger, Christopher R. Knittel, Ignacio J. Perez-Arriaga, Ian Schneider, and Frederik vom Scheidt, 2020. "The Efficiency and Distributional Effects of Alternative Residential Electricity Rate Designs," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 1).
    10. Park, Alex & Lappas, Petros, 2017. "Evaluating demand charge reduction for commercial-scale solar PV coupled with battery storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 523-532.
    11. Darghouth, Naïm R. & Wiser, Ryan H. & Barbose, Galen & Mills, Andrew D., 2016. "Net metering and market feedback loops: Exploring the impact of retail rate design on distributed PV deployment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 713-722.
    12. Mills, Andrew & Wiser, Ryan & Barbose, Galen & Golove, William, 2008. "The impact of retail rate structures on the economics of commercial photovoltaic systems in California," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 3266-3277, September.
    13. Lukanov, Boris R. & Krieger, Elena M., 2019. "Distributed solar and environmental justice: Exploring the demographic and socio-economic trends of residential PV adoption in California," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    14. Simshauser, Paul, 2016. "Distribution network prices and solar PV: Resolving rate instability and wealth transfers through demand tariffs," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 108-122.
    15. Passey, Robert & Haghdadi, Navid & Bruce, Anna & MacGill, Iain, 2017. "Designing more cost reflective electricity network tariffs with demand charges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 642-649.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dirk Johan van Vuuren & Annlizé L. Marnewick & Jan Harm C. Pretorius, 2021. "A Financial Evaluation of a Multiple Inclination, Rooftop-Mounted, Photovoltaic System Where Structured Tariffs Apply: A Case Study of a South African Shopping Centre," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-26, March.
    2. Prabha Bhola & Alexandros-Georgios Chronis & Panos Kotsampopoulos & Nikos Hatziargyriou, 2023. "Business Model Selection for Community Energy Storage: A Multi Criteria Decision Making Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-30, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Morell-Dameto, Nicolás & Chaves-Ávila, José Pablo & Gómez San Román, Tomás & Schittekatte, Tim, 2023. "Forward-looking dynamic network charges for real-world electricity systems: A Slovenian case study," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    2. Avau, Michiel & Govaerts, Niels & Delarue, Erik, 2021. "Impact of distribution tariffs on prosumer demand response," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    3. Spiller, Elisheba & Esparza, Ricardo & Mohlin, Kristina & Tapia-Ahumada, Karen & Ünel, Burçin, 2023. "The role of electricity tariff design in distributed energy resource deployment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    4. Manuel de Villena, Miguel & Jacqmin, Julien & Fonteneau, Raphael & Gautier, Axel & Ernst, Damien, 2021. "Network tariffs and the integration of prosumers: The case of Wallonia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    5. Freitas Gomes, Icaro Silvestre & Perez, Yannick & Suomalainen, Emilia, 2021. "Rate design with distributed energy resources and electric vehicles: A Californian case study," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    6. Niels Govaerts & Kenneth Bruninx & Hélène Le Cadre & Leonardo Meeus & Erik Delarue, 2021. "Forward-looking distribution network charges considering lumpy investments," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 280-302, June.
    7. Say, Kelvin & John, Michele & Dargaville, Roger, 2019. "Power to the people: Evolutionary market pressures from residential PV battery investments in Australia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    8. Claudia Gunther & Wolf-Peter Schill & Alexander Zerrahn, 2019. "Prosumage of solar electricity: tariff design, capacity investments, and power system effects," Papers 1907.09855, arXiv.org.
    9. Hoarau, Quentin & Perez, Yannick, 2019. "Network tariff design with prosumers and electromobility: Who wins, who loses?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 26-39.
    10. Boampong, Richard & Brown, David P., 2020. "On the benefits of behind-the-meter rooftop solar and energy storage: The importance of retail rate design," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    11. Günther, Claudia & Schill, Wolf-Peter & Zerrahn, Alexander, 2021. "Prosumage of solar electricity: Tariff design, capacity investments, and power sector effects," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 152.
    12. Lu-Miao Li, Peng Zhou, and Wen Wen, 2023. "Distributed Renewable Energy Investment: The Effect of Time-of-Use Pricing," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 5).
    13. Gorman, Will & Jarvis, Stephen & Callaway, Duncan, 2020. "Should I Stay Or Should I Go? The importance of electricity rate design for household defection from the power grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    14. Nicolás Morell Dameto & José Pablo Chaves-Ávila & Tomás Gómez San Román, 2020. "Revisiting Electricity Network Tariffs in a Context of Decarbonization, Digitalization, and Decentralization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-21, June.
    15. Askeland, Magnus & Backe, Stian & Bjarghov, Sigurd & Korpås, Magnus, 2021. "Helping end-users help each other: Coordinating development and operation of distributed resources through local power markets and grid tariffs," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    16. Timothé Beaufils & Pierre-Olivier Pineau, 2018. "Structures tarifaires et spirale de la mort : État des lieux des pratiques de tarification dans la distribution d’électricité résidentielle," CIRANO Working Papers 2018s-27, CIRANO.
    17. Ahsan, Syed M. & Khan, Hassan A. & Hassan, Naveed-ul & Arif, Syed M. & Lie, Tek-Tjing, 2020. "Optimized power dispatch for solar photovoltaic-storage system with multiple buildings in bilateral contracts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    18. Zhou, Hou Sheng & Passey, Rob & Bruce, Anna & Sproul, Alistair B., 2021. "A case study on the behaviour of residential battery energy storage systems during network demand peaks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 712-724.
    19. Fridgen, Gilbert & Kahlen, Micha & Ketter, Wolfgang & Rieger, Alexander & Thimmel, Markus, 2018. "One rate does not fit all: An empirical analysis of electricity tariffs for residential microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 800-814.
    20. L. (Lisa B.) Ryan & Sarah La Monaca & Linda Mastrandrea & Petr Spodniak, 2018. "Harnessing Electricity Retail Tariffs to Support Climate Change Policy," Working Papers 201822, School of Economics, University College Dublin.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:146:y:2020:i:c:s0301421520304882. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.