IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/empfin/v79y2024ics0927539824000987.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Trading volume shares and market quality: Pre- and post- zero commissions

Author

Listed:
  • Jain, Pankaj K.
  • Mishra, Suchismita
  • O'Donoghue, Shawn M.
  • Zhao, Le

Abstract

After the adoption of zero-commissions by major brokers, they increasingly route orders to wholesale market makers to possibly earn payment for order flow given the loss of commissions. Retail investors assets held by zero-commission and commission-charging brokers increase 7 % and decrease 9 %, respectively. Retail investors earn less price improvement per share and submit more orders and smaller orders. Effective spreads decline because retail limit prices are increasingly posted within the bid-ask spread. Intraday volatility increases and price impact falls, as orders become more uninformed, while realized spreads remain unchanged.

Suggested Citation

  • Jain, Pankaj K. & Mishra, Suchismita & O'Donoghue, Shawn M. & Zhao, Le, 2024. "Trading volume shares and market quality: Pre- and post- zero commissions," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:empfin:v:79:y:2024:i:c:s0927539824000987
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101564
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927539824000987
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101564?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barrot, Jean-Noel & Kaniel, Ron & Sraer, David, 2016. "Are retail traders compensated for providing liquidity?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(1), pages 146-168.
    2. Thompson, Samuel B., 2011. "Simple formulas for standard errors that cluster by both firm and time," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(1), pages 1-10, January.
    3. Thierry Foucault & David Sraer & David J. Thesmar, 2011. "Individual Investors and Volatility," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 66(4), pages 1369-1406, August.
    4. Ekkehart Boehmer & Robert Jennings & Li Wei, 2007. "Public Disclosure and Private Decisions: Equity Market Execution Quality and Order Routing," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 20(2), pages 315-358.
    5. Bacidore, Jeffrey M. & Battalio, Robert H. & Jennings, Robert H., 2002. "Depth improvement and adjusted price improvement on the New York stock exchange," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(2), pages 169-195, April.
    6. Ekkehart Boehmer & Charles M. Jones & Xiaoyan Zhang & Xinran Zhang, 2021. "Tracking Retail Investor Activity," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 76(5), pages 2249-2305, October.
    7. Eaton, Gregory W. & Green, T. Clifton & Roseman, Brian S. & Wu, Yanbin, 2022. "Retail trader sophistication and stock market quality: Evidence from brokerage outages," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 502-528.
    8. Cimon, David A., 2021. "Broker routing decisions in limit order markets," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    9. Ozik, Gideon & Sadka, Ronnie & Shen, Siyi, 2021. "Flattening the Illiquidity Curve: Retail Trading During the COVID-19 Lockdown," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 56(7), pages 2356-2388, November.
    10. Battalio, Robert H, 1997. "Third Market Broker-Dealers: Cost Competitors or Cream Skimmers?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(1), pages 341-352, March.
    11. Mitchell A. Petersen, 2009. "Estimating Standard Errors in Finance Panel Data Sets: Comparing Approaches," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 22(1), pages 435-480, January.
    12. Azi Ben-Rephael & Ryan D Israelsen, 2018. "Are Some Clients More Equal Than Others? An Analysis of Asset Management Companies’ Execution Costs [An analysis of trade-size clustering and its relation to stealth trading]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 22(5), pages 1705-1736.
    13. Ivo Welch, 2022. "The Wisdom of the Robinhood Crowd," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(3), pages 1489-1527, June.
    14. Chung, Kee H. & Chuwonganant, Chairat & McCormick, D. Timothy, 2004. "Order preferencing and market quality on NASDAQ before and after decimalization," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 581-612, March.
    15. De Long, J Bradford & Andrei Shleifer & Lawrence H. Summers & Robert J. Waldmann, 1990. "Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(4), pages 703-738, August.
    16. Yannis Bakos & Henry C. Lucas & Wonseok Oh & Gary Simon & Siva Viswanathan & Bruce W. Weber, 2005. "The Impact of E-Commerce on Competition in the Retail Brokerage Industry," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 16(4), pages 352-371, December.
    17. Clapham, Benjamin & Gomber, Peter & Lausen, Jens & Panz, Sven, 2021. "Liquidity provider incentives in fragmented securities markets," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 16-38.
    18. Hans Degryse & Frank de Jong & Vincent van Kervel, 2015. "The Impact of Dark Trading and Visible Fragmentation on Market Quality," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 19(4), pages 1587-1622.
    19. Xiaomeng Fan & Fengyan Cindy Cai & Galen V. Bodenhausen, 2022. "The boomerang effect of zero pricing: when and why a zero price is less effective than a low price for enhancing consumer demand," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 521-537, May.
    20. Robert Battalio & Shane A. Corwin & Robert Jennings, 2016. "Can Brokers Have It All? On the Relation between Make-Take Fees and Limit Order Execution Quality," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 71(5), pages 2193-2238, October.
    21. Kristina Shampanier & Nina Mazar & Dan Ariely, 2007. "Zero as a Special Price: The True Value of Free Products," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 26(6), pages 742-757, 11-12.
    22. Lee, Charles M C & Ready, Mark J, 1991. "Inferring Trade Direction from Intraday Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(2), pages 733-746, June.
    23. Robert Battalio & Robert Jennings & Jamie Selway, 2001. "The Relationship Among Market-Making Revenue, Payment for Order Flow, and Trading Costs for Market Orders," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 19(1), pages 39-56, February.
    24. Easley, David & Kiefer, Nicholas M & O'Hara, Maureen, 1996. "Cream-Skimming or Profit-Sharing? The Curious Role of Purchased Order Flow," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 51(3), pages 811-833, July.
    25. Amihud, Yakov, 2002. "Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 31-56, January.
    26. Brennan, Michael J & Chordia, Tarun, 1993. "Brokerage Commission Schedules," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(4), pages 1379-1402, September.
    27. Barber, Brad M. & Odean, Terrance, 2013. "The Behavior of Individual Investors," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 1533-1570, Elsevier.
    28. Kupfer, Alexander & Schmidt, Markus G., 2021. "In search of retail investors: The effect of retail investor attention on odd lot trades," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 315-326.
    29. Brennan, Michael J & Hughes, Patricia J, 1991. "Stock Prices and the Supply of Information," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(5), pages 1665-1691, December.
    30. Brad M. Barber & Xing Huang & Terrance Odean & Christopher Schwarz, 2022. "Attention‐Induced Trading and Returns: Evidence from Robinhood Users," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(6), pages 3141-3190, December.
    31. Eric K. Kelley & Paul C. Tetlock, 2013. "How Wise Are Crowds? Insights from Retail Orders and Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(3), pages 1229-1265, June.
    32. Thomas Ernst & Chester S. Spatt, 2022. "Payment for Order Flow And Asset Choice," NBER Working Papers 29883, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    33. Katya Malinova & Andreas Park, 2015. "Subsidizing Liquidity: The Impact of Make/Take Fees on Market Quality," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(2), pages 509-536, April.
    34. Comerton-Forde, Carole & Malinova, Katya & Park, Andreas, 2018. "Regulating dark trading: Order flow segmentation and market quality," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(2), pages 347-366.
    35. Alexander Kurov, 2008. "Information And Noise In Financial Markets: Evidence From The E‐Mini Index Futures," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 31(3), pages 247-270, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Suchismita Mishra & Le Zhao, 2021. "Order Routing Decisions for a Fragmented Market: A Review," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-32, November.
    2. Eaton, Gregory W. & Green, T. Clifton & Roseman, Brian S. & Wu, Yanbin, 2022. "Retail trader sophistication and stock market quality: Evidence from brokerage outages," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 502-528.
    3. Adams, Samuel W. & Kasten, Connor & Kelley, Eric K., 2024. "How free is free? Retail trading costs with zero commissions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    4. Hoffmann, Peter & Jank, Stephan, 2024. "What is the value of retail order flow?," Discussion Papers 33/2024, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    5. Jeremy Michels, 2025. "Retail investor trade and the pricing of earnings," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 575-610, March.
    6. Baldauf, Markus & Mollner, Joshua & Yueshen, Bart Zhou, 2024. "Siphoned apart: A portfolio perspective on order flow segmentation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    7. Li, Qianqian & Watts, Edward M. & Zhu, Christina, 2024. "Retail investors and ESG news," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(2).
    8. Daniel Bradley & Jan Hanousek & Russell Jame & Zicheng Xiao, 2024. "Place Your Bets? The Value of Investment Research on Reddit’s Wallstreetbets," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 37(5), pages 1409-1459.
    9. O’Donoghue, Shawn M., 2022. "Transaction fees: Impact on institutional order types, commissions, and execution quality," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    10. Clancey-Shang, Danjue, 2023. "COVID lockdown, Robinhood traders, and liquidity in stock and option markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    11. Lin, Mei-Chen, 2023. "Time-varying MAX preference: Evidence from revenue announcements," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    12. Yue Zhao & Difang Wan, 2018. "Institutional high frequency trading and price discovery: Evidence from an emerging commodity futures market," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(2), pages 243-270, February.
    13. Peter Gomber & Satchit Sagade & Erik Theissen & Moritz Christian Weber & Christian Westheide, 2017. "Competition Between Equity Markets: A Review Of The Consolidation Versus Fragmentation Debate," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pages 792-814, July.
    14. Chen, Zhijuan & Lin, William T. & Ma, Changfeng, 2019. "Do individual investors demand or provide liquidity? New evidence from dividend announcements," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    15. Barardehi, Yashar H. & Bernhardt, Dan & Da, Zhi & Mitch Warachka, Mitch, 2022. "Institutional Liquidity Demand and the Internalization of Retail Order Flow : The Tail Does Not Wag the Dog," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1394, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    16. Watson, Ethan D. & Woods, Donovan, 2022. "Exchange introduction and market competition: The entrance of MEMX and MIAX," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    17. Chen, Zhijuan & Lin, William T. & Ma, Changfeng & Tsai, Shih-Chuan, 2014. "Liquidity provisions by individual investor trading prior to dividend announcements: Evidence from Taiwan," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 358-374.
    18. Lim, Kian-Ping & Thian, Tze-Chung & Hooy, Chee-Wooi, 2015. "Corporate Shareholdings and the Liquidity of Malaysian Stocks: Investor Heterogeneity, Trading Account Types and the Underlying Channels," MPRA Paper 67602, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Warkulat, Sonja & Pelster, Matthias, 2024. "Social media attention and retail investor behavior: Evidence from r/wallstreetbets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
    20. Ibikunle, Gbenga & Aquilina, Matteo & Diaz-Rainey, Ivan & Sun, Yuxin, 2021. "City goes dark: Dark trading and adverse selection in aggregate markets," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 1-22.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Wholesale market makers; Commissions; Brokers; Retail trading; Payment for order flow; and short squeeze;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D4 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:empfin:v:79:y:2024:i:c:s0927539824000987. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jempfin .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.