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Developmental outcomes after five years for foster children returned home, remaining in care, or adopted

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  • Lloyd, E. Christopher
  • Barth, Richard P.

Abstract

A substantial proportion of children who enter foster care in the US are infants or toddlers and will exit from foster care before they have been in care for long, either returning home or to adoption. These first years of involvement may predict a significant amount about children's longer term development so understanding developmental outcomes after five years is valuable to understanding if child welfare services (CWS) are serving the intention of promoting the well-being of children. A subsample of 353 infants (less than 13Â months of age when investigated by CWS) and subsequently placed into foster care were selected from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. After 66Â months, these infants had been reunified, adopted, or were still in foster care. Bivariate comparisons were completed. Statistical controls for maltreatment type and severity, demographic traits, and current caregiver education were implemented to help clarify the role of terminal child welfare placement, current caregiver behaviors, and household income, on eight linear regression models of developmental outcomes. Results support the longstanding tenet of child welfare services policy that remaining in foster care is less developmentally advantageous than having a more permanent arrangement of return home or adoption.

Suggested Citation

  • Lloyd, E. Christopher & Barth, Richard P., 2011. "Developmental outcomes after five years for foster children returned home, remaining in care, or adopted," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1383-1391, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:33:y:2011:i:8:p:1383-1391
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    1. Joseph J. Doyle Jr., 2007. "Child Protection and Child Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Foster Care," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 97(5), pages 1583-1610, December.
    2. Korenman, Sanders & Miller, Jane E. & Sjaastad, John E., 1995. "Long-term poverty and child development in the United States: Results from the NLSY," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(1-2), pages 127-155.
    3. Simmel, Cassandra & Price, Amy, 2002. "The Shared Family Care Demonstration Project: Challenges of Implementing and Evaluating a Community-Based Project," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 24(6-7), pages 455-470.
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    2. Jacobsen, Heidi & Brabrand, Hilde & Liland, Solveig M.M. & Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Moe, Vibeke, 2018. "Foster parents' emotional investment and their young foster children's socio-emotional functioning," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 200-208.
    3. Pinto, Ricardo J. & Maia, Ângela C., 2013. "Psychopathology, physical complaints and health risk behaviors among youths who were victims of childhood maltreatment: A comparison between home and institutional interventions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 603-610.
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    5. Redd, Zakia & Malm, Karin & Moore, Kristin & Murphy, Kelly & Beltz, Martha, 2017. "KVC's Bridging the Way Home: An innovative approach to the application of Trauma Systems Therapy in child welfare," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 170-180.
    6. Ismayilova, Leyla & Ssewamala, Fred & Huseynli, Aytakin, 2014. "Reforming child institutional care in the Post-Soviet bloc: The potential role of family-based empowerment strategies," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(P2), pages 136-148.
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    8. Marsh, Christine A. & Browne, Jenny & Taylor, Jan & Davis, Deborah, 2017. "Characteristics and outcomes of newborns entered who entered into care (EIC) within 7days of birth in NSW, Australia," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 261-267.
    9. Goemans, Anouk & Vanderfaeillie, Johan & Damen, Harm & Pijnenburg, Huub & Van Holen, Frank, 2016. "Reunification of foster children: Factors associated with reunification outcomes in Flanders and the Netherlands," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 284-292.
    10. Vanderfaeillie, Johan & Gypen, Laura & West, Delphine & Van Holen, Frank, 2020. "Support needs and satisfaction of Flemish foster parents in long-term foster care: Associated characteristics of foster children, foster parents and foster placements," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    11. Anthony, Rebecca & Meakings, Sarah & Doughty, Julie & Ottaway, Heather & Holland, Sally & Shelton, Katherine H., 2016. "Factors affecting adoption in Wales: Predictors of variation in time between entry to care and adoptive placement," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 184-190.
    12. Kelly, Cara & Thornton, Anthony & Anthony, Elizabeth K. & Krysik, Judy, 2021. "“Love. Stability. Boundaries.” Kinship perspectives of social-emotional well-being of youth residing in out-of-home care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    13. Perez Jolles, Monica & Givens, Ashley & Lombardi, Brianna & Cuddeback, Gary S., 2019. "Welfare caseworkers' perceived responsibility for the behavioral needs of children: A national profile," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 80-84.
    14. Jacobsen, Heidi & Bergsund, Hans Bugge & Wentzel-Larsen, Tore & Smith, Lars & Moe, Vibeke, 2020. "Foster children are at risk for developing problems in social-emotional functioning: A follow-up study at 8 years of age," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    15. Murphy, Kelly & Moore, Kristin Anderson & Redd, Zakia & Malm, Karin, 2017. "Trauma-informed child welfare systems and children's well-being: A longitudinal evaluation of KVC's bridging the way home initiative," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 23-34.
    16. Cleary, Sarah E. & Barnett, Erin R. & Huckins, Jeremy F. & Butcher, Rebecca L. & Jankowski, Mary K., 2018. "A comparison of foster and adoptive parent satisfaction and commitment," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 205-210.

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