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Optimal location of reinforced inertia to stabilize power grids

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  • Park, Sangjoon
  • Kim, Cook Hyun
  • Kahng, B.

Abstract

The increasing adoption of renewable energy sources has significantly reduced the inertia in the modernized power grid, making the system more vulnerable. One way to stabilize the grid is to add extra inertia from unused turbines, called the fast frequency response (FFR), to the existing grid. However, reinforcing inertia can cause unintended consequences, such as more significant avalanche failures. This phenomenon is known as the Braess paradox. Here, we propose a method to find the optimal position of FFR. This method is applied to the second-order Kuramoto model to find an effective position to mitigate cascading failures. To address this, we propose a method to evaluate a ratio between the positive effects of mitigation and the negative consequences. Through this analysis, we find that the peripheral area of the network is a seemingly effective location for inertia reinforcement across various reinforcement scales. This strategy provides essential insights for enhancing the stability of power grids in a time of widespread renewable energy usage.

Suggested Citation

  • Park, Sangjoon & Kim, Cook Hyun & Kahng, B., 2025. "Optimal location of reinforced inertia to stabilize power grids," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 199(P2).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:199:y:2025:i:p2:s0960077925007817
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116768
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benjamin Schäfer & Thiemo Pesch & Debsankha Manik & Julian Gollenstede & Guosong Lin & Hans-Peter Beck & Dirk Witthaut & Marc Timme, 2022. "Understanding Braess’ Paradox in power grids," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Benjamin Schäfer & Dirk Witthaut & Marc Timme & Vito Latora, 2018. "Dynamically induced cascading failures in power grids," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Benjamin Schäfer & Dirk Witthaut & Marc Timme & Vito Latora, 2018. "Author Correction: Dynamically induced cascading failures in power grids," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-1, December.
    4. Lee, Yongsun & Choi, Hoyun & Pagnier, Laurent & Kim, Cook Hyun & Lee, Jongshin & Jhun, Bukyoung & Kim, Heetae & Kurths, Jürgen & Kahng, B., 2024. "Reinforcement learning optimizes power dispatch in decentralized power grid," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    5. Katrin Schmietendorf & Joachim Peinke & Oliver Kamps, 2017. "The impact of turbulent renewable energy production on power grid stability and quality," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 90(11), pages 1-6, November.
    6. Leonardo Rydin Gorjão & Richard Jumar & Heiko Maass & Veit Hagenmeyer & G. Cigdem Yalcin & Johannes Kruse & Marc Timme & Christian Beck & Dirk Witthaut & Benjamin Schäfer, 2020. "Open database analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
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    1. Hartmann, Bálint & Ódor, Géza & Benedek, Kristóf & Papp, István & Cirunay, Michelle T., 2025. "Quantitative comparison of power grid reinforcements," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 200(P3).

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