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Adaptive disturbance observer-based terminal sliding mode algorithm for a Mini excavator proton exchange membrane fuel cell air feeding system

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  • Du Phan, Van
  • Trinh, Hoai-An
  • Ahn, Kyoung Kwan

Abstract

In this paper, adaptive disturbance observer (ADO)-based nonlinear tracking control scheme is developed for a mini excavator proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) air feed regulation system. The suggested method aims to avoid the oxygen starvation in the presence of model uncertainties and the varying load current. First, the adaptive disturbance observer is elaborated to estimate the lumped disturbance term, including load current disturbance and model uncertainties. Then, the non-singular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC) with disturbance rejection is conducted to ensure the speed tracking control design. Moreover, a dynamic surface control (DSC) is constructed to adjust the oxygen excess ratio (OER) and handle the ‘complex of explosion’. The presented controller not only realizes that error signal converges to zero but also guarantees that all signals of the whole PEMFC air feeding system are bounded. Ultimately, the simulation studies and Hardware in loop (HIL) experiment are performed to demonstrate the excellent control qualification of the proposed strategy method.

Suggested Citation

  • Du Phan, Van & Trinh, Hoai-An & Ahn, Kyoung Kwan, 2025. "Adaptive disturbance observer-based terminal sliding mode algorithm for a Mini excavator proton exchange membrane fuel cell air feeding system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 382(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:382:y:2025:i:c:s0306261925000340
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125304
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sulaiman, N. & Hannan, M.A. & Mohamed, A. & Majlan, E.H. & Wan Daud, W.R., 2015. "A review on energy management system for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle: Issues and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 802-814.
    2. Hu, Haowen & Ou, Kai & Yuan, Wei-Wei, 2023. "Fused multi-model predictive control with adaptive compensation for proton exchange membrane fuel cell air supply system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    3. Matraji, Imad & Laghrouche, Salah & Jemei, Samir & Wack, Maxime, 2013. "Robust control of the PEM fuel cell air-feed system via sub-optimal second order sliding mode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 945-957.
    4. İnci, Mustafa & Büyük, Mehmet & Demir, Mehmet Hakan & İlbey, Göktürk, 2021. "A review and research on fuel cell electric vehicles: Topologies, power electronic converters, energy management methods, technical challenges, marketing and future aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    5. Van Du Phan & Hoai-An Trinh & Kyoung Kwan Ahn, 2023. "Finite-Time Command Filtered Control for Oxygen-Excess Ratio of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems with Prescribed Performance," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Huang, Lizhen & Krigsvoll, Guri & Johansen, Fred & Liu, Yongping & Zhang, Xiaoling, 2018. "Carbon emission of global construction sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1906-1916.
    7. Truong, D.Q. & Marco, J. & Greenwood, D. & Harper, L. & Corrochano, D.G. & Yoon, J.I., 2018. "Challenges of micro/mild hybridisation for construction machinery and applicability in UK," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 301-320.
    8. Li, Tianyu & Huang, Lingtao & Liu, Huiying, 2019. "Energy management and economic analysis for a fuel cell supercapacitor excavator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 840-851.
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