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Fused multi-model predictive control with adaptive compensation for proton exchange membrane fuel cell air supply system

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  • Hu, Haowen
  • Ou, Kai
  • Yuan, Wei-Wei

Abstract

Regulating the air supply is crucial for high efficiency and reliable operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems (PEMFCs). In this study, a fused multi-model predictive control (FM-MPC) with an adaptive compensation is proposed for the oxygen excess ratio (OER) regulation of the air supply system. The FM-MPC is designed based on the linearized PEMFC model at low and high power phases, with two linear MPCs implemented and combined using adaptive featured weights. An adaptive compensation strategy is created to address the imbalance of the two MPCs and external load disturbances. The stability of the proposed control is analyzed using Lyapunov's second law. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits less overshoot and faster response than conventional MPCs, with the OER total sum-of-squares error (TSSE) reduced by 59.4% and 87.7% for New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) conditions, respectively. Finally, a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) experiment verifies the real-time application potential of the proposed controller, with a mean relative error (MRE) of 1.12% between experiment and simulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Hu, Haowen & Ou, Kai & Yuan, Wei-Wei, 2023. "Fused multi-model predictive control with adaptive compensation for proton exchange membrane fuel cell air supply system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:284:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223018534
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128459
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Qi Jiang & Shusheng Xiong & Baoquan Sun & Ping Chen & Huipeng Chen & Shaopeng Zhu, 2025. "Research on Energy-Saving Control of Automotive PEMFC Thermal Management System Based on Optimal Operating Temperature Tracking," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-25, August.
    3. Deng, Zhihua & Miao, Bin & Cui, Yunjia & Chen, Jian & Pan, Zehua & Liu, Hao & Deendarlianto, Deendarlianto & Suwarno, Suwarno & Chan, Siew Hwa, 2025. "Towards high-performance fuel cell systems: Comprehensive review of methods for modeling, control, and optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    4. Chen, Xi & Gu, Bin & Feng, Wentao & Tan, Jingying & Kong, Xiangzhong & Li, Shi & Chen, Yiyu & Wan, Zhongmin, 2024. "Research on control strategy of PEMFC air supply system for power and efficiency improvement," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    5. Qiu, Yuqi & Chen, Leyuan & Ren, Yong & Zhang, Caizhi & Li, Feiqiang & Zeng, Tao & Wang, Gucheng & Li, Yuansong, 2026. "Minimum cell voltage clamping control of proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on intelligent methods," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(PA).
    6. Du Phan, Van & Trinh, Hoai-An & Ahn, Kyoung Kwan, 2025. "Adaptive disturbance observer-based terminal sliding mode algorithm for a Mini excavator proton exchange membrane fuel cell air feeding system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 382(C).
    7. Zhong, Shunbin & Ou, Kai & Jin, Zemin & Zhang, Qian & Zhang, Xuezhi & Wang, Ya-Xiong, 2025. "Improved optimal sliding mode control and operating strategy for turbine-based air compressor in automotive fuel cells with driving cycles analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).

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