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Generation and transmission expansion planning incorporating economically feasible heterogeneous demand-side resources

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  • Wei, Hongyi
  • Ma, Mingchen
  • Jiang, Haiyang
  • Capuder, Tomislav
  • Teng, Fei
  • Strbac, Goran
  • Zhang, Jiawei
  • Zhang, Ning
  • Kang, Chongqing

Abstract

Emerging demand-side resources provide necessary flexible load regulations and power reserves for high-renewable penetrated power systems. In system planning, their regulation capabilities and response willingness should be emphasized rather than regarding them as fully dispatchable resources. This paper formulates a bi-level generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) problem considering the physical and economic feasibility. The lower-level problem flexibly dispatches demand-side resources, and the upper-level problem focuses on power system expansion planning, which is further turned into an equivalent single-level GTEP problem. We propose an available time interval aggregation method to reduce the number of time-dependent decision variables and constraints in the single-level GTEP problem. Case studies are performed on a modified Garver’s 6-node system and a practical 40-node East China power system to validate the method. Test results reveal that demand-side flexible resources contribute essential load regulations and reserve capacity to power systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei, Hongyi & Ma, Mingchen & Jiang, Haiyang & Capuder, Tomislav & Teng, Fei & Strbac, Goran & Zhang, Jiawei & Zhang, Ning & Kang, Chongqing, 2025. "Generation and transmission expansion planning incorporating economically feasible heterogeneous demand-side resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 381(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:381:y:2025:i:c:s0306261924024516
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125067
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